TEXTUAL AIDS AND GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS (M2)

• What are Textual Aids?


  Can be also called text features. Are tools or materials that provide support and facilitate understanding of texts.
• Textual aids are educational instruments, which could be written texts, or printed texts and other ways of emphasizing the essential phrases, thoughts, graphs, and/or images.
• Examples of Textual Aids:

  1. Headings and Subheadings
  2. Bold or Italicized text
  3. Footnotes and Endnotes
  4. Glossaries
  5. Tables of Contents
  6. Indexes
  7. Sidebars
  8. Pull quotes
  9. Captions
  10. Annotations
  11. Diagrams and Illustrations
  12. Charts and Graphs
  13. Text Boxes
  14. Timelines
  15. Bulleted or numbered lists
  16. Color coding
  17. Hyperlinks (in digital texts)
  18. Study questions or review sections
  19. Summaries
  20. Bibliographies or reference list
• Headings and Subheadings


  Organize content and provide quick overview of the structure
• Bold or Italicized text


  Emphasizes key terms or important points.
• Footnotes and Endnotes


  Provide additional information or citations without interrupting the main text.
• Glossaries 


  Define specialized terms or vocabulary used in the text.
• Tables of contents


  Outline the structure of longer texts and help readers locate specific sections.
• Indexes


  Alphabetical lists of key terms with page numbers for easy reference.
• Sidebars


  Offer supplementary information or interesting facts related to the main content.
• Pull quotes


  Highlight important quotes or key ideas from the text.
• Captions


  Provide context or explanation for images, charts, or figures.
• Annotations 


  Add comments, explanations, or interpretations to specific parts of the text.
• Diagrams and Illustrations 


  Visually represent concepts or process discussed in the text.
• Charts and Graphs


  Present data or relationships in a visual format.
• Text Boxes 


  Separate additional information or examples from the main text.
• Timelines 


  Show chronological progression of events or developments.
• Bulleted or numbered lists


  Organize information in an easy-to-read format.
• Color coding


  Use different colors to categorize or emphasize different types of Information.
• Hyperlinks


  Provide quick access to related information or definitions.
• Summaries


  Provide concise overviews of main points at the end of sections or chapters.
• Bibliographies or reference list 


  Offer sources for further reading or research.
• Graphic Organizers


  Are visual displays of key content information designed to benefit learners who have difficulty organizing information.
• Graphic Organizers are meant to help students clearly visualize how ideas are organized within a text or surrounding a concept. They provide students with a structure for abstract ideas.
• Other Terms of Graphic Organizers:

  • Knowledge Maps
  • Concept Maps
  • Cognitive Organizers
• Descriptive or Thematic map 


  Works well for mapping generic information, but particularly for hierarchical relationships.
• Network Tree


  Organizing a hierarchical set of information, reflecting superordinate or subordinate elements.
• Spider Map


  Organizing information relating to a main idea or theme that does not fit into a hierarchy.
• Problem and Solution Map


  Useful in organizing information that contains cause and effect, problems, and solutions.
• Problem-Solution Outline 


  Helps students to compare different solutions to a problem.
• Fishbone Diagram 


  Useful in information with cause-effect relationships are complex and non-redundant.
• Comparative and Contrastive Map


  Help students to compare two concepts according to their features.
• Continuum Scale


  Effective for organizing information along a dimension such as less to more, low to high, and few to many.
• Series of Events Chain


  Can help students organize information according to various steps or stages.
• Cycle


  Useful for organizing information that is circular or cyclical, with no absolute beginning or ending.
• Human interaction Organizers


  Is effective for organizing events in terms of a chain of action and reaction.
• Types of Graphic Organizers:


  • Descriptive or Thematic map
  • Network Tree
  • Spider Map
  • Problem and Solution Map
  • Problem-Solution Outline
  • Fishbone Diagram
  • Comparative and Contrastive Map
  • Continuum Scale
  • Series of Events Chain
  • Cycle
  • Human Interaction Outline
• Non-Linear Texts


  Are usually those writing with visuals, diagrams or an infographic that interferes with the readers "reading path" (the way that text can be ready according to sequence or order)
• Types of Non-Linear Texts


  • Pie Chart
  • Line Graph
  • Bar Graph
  • Table
  • Infographic
  • Histogram
• Pie Chart


  Are visual representations of information on parts or segments as a proportion, percentage, or fraction of the whole.