VERBALS : GERUNDS (m2)

• Gerund


  Is a verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun.
• Gerund as a SUBJECT


  When used as a subject, the gerund tells us what the sentence is about or what action is being performed.

  Ex. EXPLORING enables botanist Mark Olson to find unusual or rare habitats.
• Gerund as a DIRECT OBJECT


  When a gerund acts as a direct object, it is receiving the action of the verb in the sentence.

  Ex. Rosa quit DANCING for six weeks after she sprained her ankle.
• Gerund as an INDIRECT OBJECT


  the gerund typically follows a verb and a direct object, receiving the action indirectly.

  Ex. Darla gave SLEEPING a high priority after she finished her final exams.
• Gerund as a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE 


  When a gerund acts as a predicate nominative, it follows a linking verb (like "is," "are," "was," "were") and renames or refers back to the subject of the sentence.

  Ex. Walter's most annoying habit IS INTERRUPTING.
• Gerund as OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION 


  When a gerund is used as the object of a preposition, it follows the preposition and acts as the noun that the preposition refers to.

  Ex. Their well-behaved dog showed signs of TRAINING.
• Gerund as APPOSITIVE 


  An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames or explains another noun next to it. When a gerund functions as an appositive, it renames or explains the noun it follows.

  Ex. Brad's profession, ADVERTISING, is very competitive.
• Gerund Phrases


  Includes as a gerund and many complements and modifiers needed to complete its meaning.
• Example of Subject (Gerund Phrases)


  Ex. Swimming in the ocean is my favorite activity.

  Explanation: The gerund phrase "Swimming in the ocean" is the subject of the sentence because it is the main focus of the action described by the verb "is."
• Example of Direct Object (Gerund Phrases)


  Ex. She enjoys reading mystery novels.

  Explanation: The gerund phrase "reading mystery novels" is the direct object of the verb "enjoys," as it answers the question "What does she enjoy?"
• Example of Indirect Object (Gerund Phrases)


  Ex. She gave running a marathon all her effort.

  Explanation: The gerund phrase "running a marathon" is the indirect object because it is the recipient of the action described by the verb "gave." The direct object in this sentence is "all her effort."
• Example of Object of a Preposition (Gerund Phrase)


  Ex. They talked about going to the concert.

  Explanation: The gerund phrase "going to the concert" is the object of the preposition "about," which introduces the phrase.
• Example of Predicate Nominative (gerund phrase)


  Ex. My favorite activity is painting landscapes.

  Explanation: The gerund phrase "painting landscapes" is a predicate nominative because it follows a linking verb ("is") and renames the subject "My favorite activity."
• Example of Appositive (Gerund Phrases)


  Ex. His passion, cooking gourmet meals, is well-known among his friends.

  Explanation: The gerund phrase "cooking gourmet meals" is an appositive because it renames or explains the noun "His passion."