The cardiovascular system

• The circulatory system or the cardiovascular system - transports nutrients (digestive products), gases, hormones, and other materials to and from the cells of the body.
• This organ system is composed of the heart.
• The heart is the organ that pumps blood to different parts of the body. It is four-chambered and located at the center of the chest.
• Septum - A muscular wall that partitions the chambers of the heart.
• The atria are the receiving chambers of the heart
• The ventricles are the pumping chambers of the heart
• The right atrium - receives oxygen-poor blood coming from all parts

  of the body.
• the left atrium - receives oxygen-rich blood coming from the lungs.
• The right ventricle - pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
• the left ventricle - pumps oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body.
• Pulmonary circulation- From the heart to the lungs going back to the heart to oxygenate the blood
• Systemic circulation- From the heart to the body then brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart
• Coronary circulation - Movement of blood within the tissues of the heart
• Tricuspid valve - Blood fills into the right atrium to the right ventricle
• Bicuspid valve - Left atrium to left ventricle.
• Right semi-lunar valve - Right ventricle to pulmonary artery
• Left semi-lunar valve - Left ventricle to the aorta
• Blood vessels - Pathway of blood
• The different blood vessels are the arteries, the veins, and the capillaries
• Arteries - thick-walls, oxygenated blood moves away from the heart. The two arteries that supply the heart are the aorta and pulmonary artery.
• Arterioles - smallest arteries
• Aorta - largest blood vessels in the heart
• Pulmonary artery - carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
• Veins - thinner walls, carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• Venules - smallest veins
• Vena Cava - Biggest veins
• Inferior Vena Cava - blood enters heart from body
• Superior Vena Cava - blood enters heart from the head and neck regions
• Inferior Vena Cava - blood enters the heart from the lower regions of the body
• Pulmonary vein - oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
• Capillaries - smallest blood vessels, exchange of gasses, located between arterioles and venules.
• Blood - rapid transport of nutrients, waste products, respiratory gasses and cells. Powered by the heart.
• The functions of the blood: Transports different nutrients, regulates pH and osmosis, maintains body temperature, protects from foreign substances, clot formation
• Blood is separated into liquid and solid portions
• Plasma - Straw-yellow colored liquid portion of blood which carries everything else, consists of water, nutrients, and hormones.
• Centrifugation - Separates blood into liquid and solid portions
• Serum - liquid portion of clotted blood
• Erythrocytes (Red blood cells) - Found in bone marrow, has a biconcave shape, lasts 120 days, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood and removing carbon dioxide.
• Hemoglobin - Why Erythrocytes are red. Iron-rich protein which is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. Lack of hemoglobin results in anemia.
• Leukocytes - white blood cells that fight infection and disease. Produces antibodies and antitoxins.