1.1 ELECTRICITY

• Electricity is all around us powering technology like our cell phones, computers, lights, soldering irons, and air conditioners. It's tough to escape it in our modern world.
• Electricity is a natural phenomenon that occurs throughout nature and takes many different forms.
• Atoms of many types can combine to make molecules, which build the matter we can physically see and touch.
• An atom is built with a combination of three distinct particles:

  • electrons
  • protons
  • neutrons
• Each atom has a center nucleus, where the protons and neutrons are densely packed together.
• Surrounding the nucleaus are a group of?

  Orbitting electrons
• Every atom must have at least one proton in it.
• The number of protons defines what chemical element the atom represents.
• The count of protons is called the atom's atomic number.
• Neutrons - they keep the protons in the nucleus and determine the isotope of an atom.
• an atom will have the same number of?

  electrons and protons
• The electrons on the outer orbit of the atom are called valence electrons.
• Free electrons allow us to move charge, which is what electricity is all about.
• Charge is a property of matter--just like mass, volume, or density.
• The key concept with charge is that it can come in two types:

  • Positive
  • Negative
• Electrons carry?

  Negative Charges
• Protons carry?

  Positive Charges
• Neutrons have no charge
• Both electrons and protons carry the same amount of?

  Charge
•  If we can free an electron from an atom and force it to move, we can create electricity.
• Copper - one of the preferred elemental sources for charge flow.
• A chain effect where an electron goes up to another electron and continue on and on to create a flow of electrons called electric current.
•  An element's conductivity measures how tightly bound an electron is to an atom.
• Conductors - elements with high conductivity and mobile electrons.
• Insulator - Low conductivity
• Insulators - prevents the flow of electrons
• In the past, the people determined shocks from an?

  electric fish
• The "electric fish" from the past was called - Thunderer of the Nile
• Thunderer of the nile means?

  Protector of all other fish
• William Gilbert - Wrote the book named "De magnete"
• De magnete - A study of electricity and magnetism by William Gilbert
• Electricity comes from the word "elektrikus"
• Elektrikus means "Like Amber"
• Benjamin Franklin proved that lightning is electricity.
• Benjamin Franklin used a key to determine if a lightning is indeed an electricity
• Benjamin Franklin proved lighting is electricity in June, 1752
• Early 19th Century - Is the rapid progress in electrical science
• In early 19th century, they discovered volta's battery.
• Michael Faraday invented the electric motor.
• James Clark Maxwell - States that Electricity, Light, and Magnetism are linked together