Structure of DNA and RNA

• DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein which determines in the final 3D structure, a double helix
• The monomer that makes up DNA is a nucleotide

  A) Phosphate

  B) Nitrogenous base

  C) Pentose sugar

  
• The 4 DNA nitrogenous bases

  • Guanine and Cytosine
  • Adenine and Thymine
• (1)

  • Polymer of nucleotide are called a polynucleotide
  • created via a condensation reaction between deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group
  • creating phospodiester bonds (strong covalent bonds)
  • sugar phosphate backbone (strong covalent bond between sugar and phosphate that hold polymer together
• (2)

  • DNA polymer occurs in complementary pairs which are joined together by hydrogen bonds creating a double helix
  • AT form 2 hydrogen bonds
  • CG form 3 hydrogen bonds
• Polyneucleotide strucutre

  A) sugar phosphate backbone

  B) base pair

  C) 2 hydrogen

  D) 3 hydrogem

  
• A DNA molecule is a double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs.
• A condensation reaction between two nucleotides forms a phosphodiester bond.
• RNA nucleotide bases

  • CG
  • AU (Uracil)
• RNA transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes
• Comparison of DNA and RNA

  A) Double

  B) Single

  C) U

  D) T

  E) Deoxyribose

  F) Ribose

  G) Stable

  H) Unstable