MODULE 2: Circulatory System

• The function of this system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and to carry deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood and carbon dioxide back to the heart and lungs.

  Circulatory System
• Blood - is a tissue made of fluid, cells,and fragments of cells.
• Plasma - is straw-colored fluid and makes up about 55 percent of the total volume of blood.
• Label the Components of Blood

  A) red blood cell

  B) white blood cell

  C) platelet

  D) plasma

  
• Arteries - Carry blood away from the heart towards the rest of the body.
• Arteries carry oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood except pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
• Arterioles - Enter tissues, where they branch into the smallest blood vessels, the capillaries.
• Veins - Carry blood from the rest of the body back towards the heart.
• Veins carry deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood excluding pulmonary veins, which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
• Capillaries - The smallest blood vessels that move blood to and from the cells of the body. Its walls are very thin.
• The ventricles are separated by a thick wall of tissue called septum.
• Heart valves - Are flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards. They open when the atria or ventricles contract, and shut when it relaxes.
• Types of Circulation:

  • Pulmonary Circulation
  • Systemic Circulation
  • Coronary Circulation
• Pulmonary Circulation - Occurs only between the heart and the lungs. The main function of this is to carry deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood back to the heart.
• Systemic Circulation - Occurs between the heart and the rest of the body, except for the lungs. The main function of this circulation is to carry oxygenated blood to all cells and transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• Label the Parts of Systemic Circulation

  A) carotid artery

  B) subclavian artery

  C) subclavian vein

  D) pulmonary artery

  E) pulmonary vein

  F) superior vena cava

  G) inferior vena cava

  H) aorta

  
• Coronary circulation - Consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and remove blood from, the heart.
• The vessels that provide blood high in oxygen levels to the heart are called as coronary arteries
• 3 Types of Blood Vessels in Circulatory System:

  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
• PARTS OF THE HEART:

  A) aorta

  B) pulmonary artery (to left lung)

  C) pulmonary veins (from right lung)

  D) pulmonary veins (from left lung)

  E) right atrium

  F) left atrium

  G) tricuspid valve

  H) bicuspid valve

  I) semilunar valves

  J) right ventricle

  K) inferior vena cava

  L) superior vena cava

  M) pulmonary artery (from right lung)

  N) left ventricle

  O) venticular septum

  P) heart muscle

  Q) descending aorta

  
• Heart


  pumps the blood throughout the body
• Vertebrate hearts are separated into 2 types of chambers:

  1. Atrium
  2. Ventricle
• atrium


  the upper chamber that receives blood coming in

  from the veins
• ventricle


  the lower chamber that forces the blood out into

  the arteries
• Valves


  are one-way doors that keep the blood moving in only one direction
• Valves control movement of blood into the heart chambers and out to the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
• When the top portion of the heart contracts, the bottom part relaxes.
• When a chamber contracts, it becomes smaller and the blood inside gets

  squeezed or pumped out.
• Blood Vessels

  these vessels carries the blood throughout the body
• Arteries 


  are thick-walled, and lined with smooth muscle. It carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues and organs in the body
• Veins


  Have fewer smooth muscle cells, but do have valves. Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
• Capillaries


  This allows exchanging of gases, nutrients and wastes. The smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries to smallest veins. It is the actual site where gases and nutrients are exchanged.
• Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes or RBCs)


  Transports the materials throughout the body. Red color of this is due to the hemoglobin.
• Hemoglobin - A complex protein made up of protein strands, plus iron-rich heme groups.

  
• Capillaries - This allows exchanging of gases, nutrients and wastes. The smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries to smallest veins. It is the actual site where gases and nutrients are exchanged.

  
• White blood Cells (leukocytes or WBC)


  Defend against disease by recognizing proteins that don't belong to the body. Able to ooze through the walls of capillaries to patrol of the tissues and reach the lymph system.
• Platelets (Thrombocytes)


  These are cell fragments used in blood clotting. Since they lack of nucleus, they have a short lifespan (10 days)
• 3 Major Parts of Circulatory System:

  1. Heart
  2. Blood Vessels
  3. Blood
• HOW DO RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER?

  A) oxygenated blood

  B) pulmonary veins

  C) aorta

  D) body parts

  E) pulmonary arteries

  F) deoxygenated blood

  
• 4 Types of Valves:

  1. Tricuspid Valve
  2. Mitral Valve
  3. Pulmonary Valve
  4. Aortic Valve