Q1 L1 - Theories of the Origin of the Universe

• This is the great cloud of gas and dust

  
  

  nebula
• creation myths


  This is the symbolic narrative of the beginning of the world, explained and understood by a culture or religion.
• steady state theory

  
  

  this theory explains that the universe is unchanging in time and is uniform in space.
• kant-laplace nebular theory


  this theory suggested that a great cloud of gas and dust began to collapse because of gravitational pull. and as the cloud contracted, it spun more rapidly, then the spinning cloud flattened into a pancake with a bulge in the center. when the nebula collapses further, local regions contract on their own because of gravity, which then became the sun and the planets
• protoplanets


  This planetary body forms because of the formation of more massive objects from coalescing planetesimals.
• planetisimals


  this planetary body is formed after grain-sized particles become centimeter-sized particles then grow to several kilometers.
• this theory explains that the universe was formed after the collapse of a nebula because of the gravitational pull

  kant-laplace nebular theory
• big bang theory


  This explains that all matter and energy in the universe are crammed into one tiny point. Then there was a great explosion that sent space, time, and matter in all directions.
• inflation theory


  This explains that there has been a period of exponential expansion prior to the big bang explosion itself
• singularity


  This is the one tiny point that is said to contain all the energy and matter in the universe before came a great explosion.
• descartes' vortex theory


  This says that the solar system formed into bodies with nearly circular orbits because of whirlpool-like motion in the pre solar materials. the planets are the primary whirlpool motion, the satellites are the secondary whirlpool motion
• buffon's collision theory


  Explains that the planets were formed by a collision of the sun with a giant comet, causing the debris to form into planets.
• It says that the planets formed from the substance that was torn out from the sun, as a speeding massive star pulled off its material, and the torn-off material condensed to form planets.

  jean-jeffreys' tidal theory
• in genesis, how many days was the entire universe created?


  6 days
• who are the two people that proposed the big bang theory?


  alexander friedmann, georges lemaitre
• in what year was the big bang theory proposed?


  1920
• around what year was that there was nothing and nowhere

  13.7 gya
• this is one of the events after the occurence of bigbang where the universe expanded from the size of an atomic nucleus to 10^35 meters width

  inflationary epoch
• the time when the universe expanded from an atomic nucleus to 10^35m width

  10^-35 seconds
• this is the time when the universe became distinct after the occurence of the bigbang

  10^-6 seconds
• how did the universe become distinct? what 6 characteristics did it have?

  possessing gravity, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force
• what 6 events happened after the occurence of the bigbang that led to the creation of forces and celestial bodies known today?

  inflationary epoch, formation of the universe, formation of basic elements, radiation era, matter domination, birth of stars and galaxies
• at the first seconds, what fundamental particles and energy was the universe made out of?

  quarks, electrons, photons, among others
• the time when basic elements were formed after the big bang occured

  3 seconds
• what was formed after the combination of protons and neutrons?


  hydrogen nuclei
• of what two pairs was the helium nuclei formed?


  hydrogen nucleis
• what time did the radiation era happened after the occurence of bigbang?

  10,000 years
• this was the event after the occurence of bigbang where the universe became distinct

  formation of the universe
• what do you call the process when two hydrogen nucleis comboned and formed the helium nuclei?

  nucleosynthesis
• this was the event after the occurence of the bigbang where protons and neutrons combined forming hydrogen nuclei, then hydrogen nuclei combined in pairs, forming helium nuclei

  formation of basic elements
• this is the event after the occurence of the bigbang where most of the energy in the universe was in the form of radiation 


  radiation era
• since during the radiation era, most of the energy in the universe is radiation, what types of wavelengths did it include?

  x-rays, radio waves, ultraviolet waves
• different wavelengths from the radiation era formed what?

  cosmic background universe
• this was one of the events after the occurence of the bigbang where at the end of the radiation era, matter began to dominate


  matter domination
• how many years did matter domination dominate

  300,000 years
• what two elements began to form after matter domination era?

  lithium, atom
• what three elements joined/combined to make small neutral atoms?


  electrons, hydrogen, helium nuclei
• this was one of the events that happened after the occurence of big bang wherein slightly irregular areas of gas, gravitationally attracted nearby matter and became denser, these dense gas clouds collapsed, then gained enough mass to ignite and produce light where it births stars

  birth of stars and galaxies
• slightly irregular ares of gas cloud gravitationally attracted nearby matter which became...?

  denser
• what happened to these dense gas clouds after?

  collapsed