CHAPTER 8 - KNEE AND LOWER LEG

• What is the tibia commonly known as?

  Shin bone

  
• Why is the tibia significant in terms of fractures?

  It is frequently fractured
• With which bones does the tibia articulate at its proximal end?

  Femur and fibula

  
• What bones does the tibia articulate with at its distal end?

  Fibula and talus bone

  
• How are the tibia and fibula connected?

  By an interosseous membrane
• What is the tibiofemoral joint also known as?

  Knee joint

  
• What articulates at the tibiofemoral joint?

  Femur and tibia condyles

  
• What is the distal tibiofibular joint?

  Articulation of fibular notch

  
• Name one ligament associated with the tibia.

  Posterior tibiotalar

  
• How does the fibula compare to the tibia?

  It is smaller

  
• Where is the lateral malleolus located?

  Lateral surface of ankle

  
• What is the proximal tibiofibular joint?


  Joint at the upper fibula

  
• What are the two types of tibiofibular joints?

  Proximal and distal

  
• What is knee flexion?

  Bending the knee

  
• What is knee extension?

  Straightening the knee

  
• Name one movement of the foot and ankle.

  Dorsiflexion

  
• What are the three compartments of muscles that move the foot and toes?

  Anterior, lateral, and posterior

  
• What is the action of the anterior compartment muscles?

  Dorsiflexion of foot

  
• What is the role of the superior extensor retinaculum?

  Holds anterior compartment muscles
• Name a muscle in the anterior compartment.

  Tibialis anterior

  
• What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

  Lateral condyle and body of tibia
• What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus?

  Dorsiflexion and great toe extension

  
• What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?

  Deep fibular nerve

  
• What is the action of fibularis (peroneus) tertius?

  Dorsiflexion and eversion
• What is the action of the fibularis (peroneus) longus?

  Dorsiflexion and eversion

  
• What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

  Lateral and medial condyles of femur
• What is the action of the soleus?

  Plantar flexion of foot

  
• What is the innervation of the plantaris?

  Tibial nerve
• What is the action of the popliteus muscle?

  Knee flexion and medial rotation

  
• What is the action of tibialis posterior?

  Plantar flexion and inversion

  
• What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

  Plantar flexion and toe flexion

  
• What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

  Plantar flexion and great toe flexion

  
• What is the function of the interosseous membrane?

  Connects tibia and fibula
• How do retinacula assist in foot movement?

  Stabilize tendons during movement

  
• What is the action of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?

  Dorsiflexion and eversion

  
• What is the action of the deep posterior compartment muscles?

  Plantar flexion and toe flexion