3. SPINAL CORDS

Cards (63)

  • What is the length of the spinal cord?
    About 45 cm
  • Where does the spinal cord extend from?

    From foramen magnum to lumbar vertebra
  • What occupies the vertebral canal below the spinal cord?
    Spinal nerve roots and meninges
  • What is the fibrous strand that continues from the spinal cord?
    Filum terminale
  • What are the cervical and lumbar enlargements associated with?
    Attachment of nerves to limbs
  • What is the inferior most end of the spinal cord called?
    Conus medullaris
  • How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
    31 pairs
  • Where does the first pair of spinal nerves emerge?
    Between the atlas and skull
  • How do C1 to C7 nerve roots exit the vertebral canal?
    Above the correspondingly numbered vertebrae
  • What is the collective term for nerve roots below L1?
    Cauda equina
  • What do the ventral and dorsal roots of a spinal nerve carry?
    Motor and sensory impulses
  • What happens when the ventral and dorsal roots fuse?
    They form a spinal nerve
  • What does the posterior primary ramus supply?
    Skin and muscles of the back
  • What does the anterior primary ramus supply?
    Skin and muscles of the front
  • What is the composition of the spinal cord?
    Gray matter surrounded by white matter
  • What shape does the gray matter of the spinal cord resemble?
    1. shaped
  • What are the two types of horns in the gray matter?
    Anterior and posterior horns
  • What do the anterior horns contain?
    Motor nerve cells
  • What do the posterior horns contain?
    Sensory nerve cells
  • How is the white matter of the spinal cord divided?
    Dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns
  • What do the dorsal columns carry?
    Ascending sensory information
  • What do the lateral columns include?
    Axons from the cerebral cortex
  • What do the ventral columns carry?
    Ascending pain and temperature information
  • How many individual bones make up the vertebrae?
    33 individual bones
  • What are the regions of the vertebrae?
    Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
  • Which vertebrae are fused?
    Sacrum and coccyx vertebrae
  • What is the main function of the cervical spine?
    Support the weight of the head
  • How many cervical vertebrae are there?
    Seven cervical vertebrae
  • What does the thoracic spine protect?
    Heart and lungs
  • How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
    Twelve thoracic vertebrae
  • What is the main function of the lumbar spine?
    Bear the weight of the body
  • How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
    Five lumbar vertebrae
  • What does the sacrum connect?
    Spine to hip bones
  • How many sacral vertebrae are there?
    Five sacral vertebrae
  • What do the fused bones of the coccyx provide?
    Attachment for pelvic floor muscles
  • What are the three membranes surrounding the spinal cord?
    Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
  • What circulates between the meninges?
    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
  • What is the function of the dura mater?
    Protects spinal cord and nerve roots
  • What does the arachnoid membrane resemble?
    A loosely woven fabric
  • What is the function of the pia mater?
    Provides blood to spinal cord