transport systems

Created by

Tegan Upton

Cards (19)

Circulatory system 
a system which uses a transport fluid to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and take away wastes
human circulatory system: heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
Open circulatory system 
a circulatory system that has a heart-like structure with no blood vessels
found in insects
transport fluid is haemolymph (blood+lymph)
as the heart contracts it forces haemolymph directly into the body cavity (haemocoel)
does not transport gases
Closed circulatory systems 
A circulatory system that has a heart and the blood is enclosed in a system of blood vessels
Found in most animals
as the heart contracts it forces blood into the blood vessels which transports blood to the body cells
at the body cells, nutrients, gases, etc, are diffused between cells and the blood
Closed circulatory systems - single 
only in fish
the heart has 2 chambers
Closed circulatory systems - double 
in birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals
heart has 4 chambers -- blood passes through the heart twice
Pulmonary circulation
The process by which the blood is pumped to and from the lungs
Pulmonary circulation - process
Deoxygenated blood travels:
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
capillary system surrounding the alveoli
external gas exchange occurs as CO2 diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli and O2 diffuses out of the alveoli into the blood - the blood is oxygenated

Oxygenated blood travels:
capillary system surrounding the alveoli
pulmonary vein
left atrium
systemic circulation can occur again!
Systemic circulation 
The process by which the blood is pumped to and from the body
Systemic circulation - process 
Oxygenated blood travels:
left ventricle
left atrium
aorta
body
capillaries surrounding body cells
Internal gas exchange occurs as O2 diffuses out of the blood into the cell and CO2 diffuses out of the cell into the blood -- the blood is deoxygenated
Deoxygenated blood travels:
capillaries surrounding body cells
blood vessels
vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
then pulmonary circulation can occur again!
Gas exchange 
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism or cell and the environment
Internal gas exchange 
The process which occurs during systemic circulation between the blood in the capillaries and body cells
Blood diffuses O2 into the body cells, and the body cells diffuses CO2 into the blood
External gas exchange
The process which occurs during pulmonary circulation between the blood in the capillaries and alveoli
Blood diffuses CO2 into the alveoli, and the alveoli diffuses O2 into the blood
Arteries 
Thicker blood vessels which transport blood away from the heart (to the body or lungs)
eg. pulmonary artery (heart to lungs), aorta (heart to body)
Veins 
Thinner blood vessels which transport blood to the heart (from the body or lungs)
eg. pulmonary vein (lungs to heart), vena cava (body to heart)
Capillaries 
The thinnest blood vessels which carry blood between the arteries and veins
eg. the capillaries surrounding the alveoli and other body cells
Plasma 
A straw-coloured liquid, mainly consisting of water which suspends the other components of blood to transport around the body
Makes up about 55% of blood, consists of water (about 90%), gases, wastes, nutrients, salts, other chemicals (i.e. hormones)
Red blood cells (RBC) 
A biconcave, disk shaped cell which contains haemoglobin to transport oxygen around the body
Makes up about 45% of blood, no nucleus to allow for extra space for haemoglobin, about 8µm
White blood cells (WBC) 
Larger cells which contains a large nucleus and fights off infections
About 12-15µm, there are less WBCs in the blood than RBCs
Platelets 
Cell fragments (from bone marrow cells) which aid in blood clotting to stop bleeding and prevent infection
Made in the megakaryocytes (bone marrow cells)