Kinetic theory of matter

• What should you know after studying this topic?

  The arrangement of particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas
• How does the energy of particles change with temperature?

  Heating a substance increases the internal energy of the particles
• Why does a gas exert pressure?

  A gas exerts pressure due to the collisions of particles with the sides of the container
• What are the three states of matter mentioned?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• How are particles arranged in a solid?

  Particles vibrate in fixed positions
• How are particles arranged in a liquid?

  Particles are in contact with each other but can move about randomly
• How are particles arranged in a gas?

  Particles are much further apart than in liquids and move randomly at much faster speeds
• Which state of matter has particles with the most energy?

  Gas
• What is internal energy?

  Internal energy is the total energy in the kinetic energy and potential energy stores of the particles that make up a substance
• What happens to the internal energy of particles when a substance is heated?

  It increases
• How does heating a substance affect its temperature?

  Heating can increase the temperature of the substance
• What does changing state do to the energy in the potential energy store of particles?

  Changing state increases the energy in the potential energy store of the particles
• How do gas particles behave in terms of speed and direction?

  They move at high speed in random directions
• What happens when gas particles collide with the walls of their container?

  They exert a force on the walls, causing pressure
• What effect does heating a gas have on its pressure?

  It increases the pressure because particles collide with the sides more often and with more force
• What is the relationship between temperature and the kinetic energy of gas particles?

  As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of gas particles increases
• What is the term for the energy stored by the particles in a substance?

  Internal energy
• How does the number of collisions change when a gas is heated in a sealed container?

  The number of collisions the particles make per second with the walls of the container increases
• What is the difference in energy levels between particles in a solid, liquid, and gas?

  Particles in a gas have more energy than those in a liquid, which have more energy than those in a solid
• What is the specific arrangement of particles in solids?

  Particles vibrate in fixed positions
• What is the specific arrangement of particles in liquids?

  Particles are in contact with each other but can move about randomly
• What is the specific arrangement of particles in gases?

  Particles are much further apart than in liquids and move randomly at much faster speeds
• How do kinetic and potential energy relate to internal energy?

  Internal energy is the total energy in the kinetic energy and potential energy stores of the particles
• What happens to the potential energy store of particles when a substance changes state?

  The energy in the potential energy store of the particles increases