5.5.3 Required Practical: Investigating Force & Acceleration

• What is the aim of the practical investigation involving force and acceleration?

  To investigate how the acceleration of an object is affected by the force applied to it, keeping the mass constant.
• What equipment is needed for the practical investigation of force and acceleration?

  • Dynamics trolley or cart
  • Masses (weights)
  • Force sensor or spring balance
  • Stopwatch
  • Pulley system (if needed)
  • Measuring tape or ruler
  • Newton meter (if not using a force sensor)
  • Data logger (optional)
• Why is it important to ensure the track or surface is clear of obstacles during the experiment?


  To prevent accidents and ensure the trolley moves freely.
• What is the first step in the method for the practical investigation?

  Set up the dynamics trolley on a straight, level track to minimize friction effects.
• How should the force sensor be attached if using a spring balance?

  Secure it to the trolley and the pulley system.
• What should be recorded before applying a known force?

  The mass of the trolley (including any additional masses).
• If using a pulley system, how is the force applied to the trolley?

  By hanging weights on the end of the string connected to the trolley.
• What is the purpose of using a stopwatch in the experiment?

  To time how long it takes for the trolley to travel a set distance along the track.
• What should be done after measuring the acceleration for each force applied?

  Repeat the experiment with different forces and maintain consistent conditions.
• How is acceleration calculated in the experiment?

  Using the formula \( a = \frac{\text{Change in velocity}}{\text{Time taken}} \) or \( a = \frac{2 \times \text{Distance}}{\text{Time}^2} \).
• What should be done with the data collected during the experiment?

  Record all data in a table.
• What is the expected outcome of the practical investigation?

  • A linear relationship between force and acceleration
  • The graph should pass through the origin
  • The slope of the line corresponds to the mass of the object
• What does the gradient of the graph represent in the context of this experiment?

  The mass of the trolley.
• What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the practical investigation?

  The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied, as described by Newton's Second Law.
• What should be discussed when interpreting the results?

  Any deviations or anomalies and possible sources of error.
• What factors should be considered when discussing the accuracy of measurements?

  • Precision of the stopwatch
  • Consistency of the force applied
  • Impact of friction or other external forces
• What improvements can be suggested for the experiment?

  • Use a more precise timing method
  • Reduce friction
  • Ensure consistent mass and force application
• What is the significance of conducting this practical investigation?

  • Demonstrates the relationship between force and acceleration
  • Provides hands-on experience with Newton’s Second Law of Motion
  • Enhances understanding of fundamental principles in physics
• What should the example data table include?

  Trial, Applied Force (N), Distance (m), Time (s), Acceleration (m/s²).
• What should the example graph illustrate?

  • Plot of force (N) vs. acceleration (m/s²)
  • A straight line through the origin
  • Indicates a linear relationship