Final Exam Notes

• How many bones are in the arm?

  1 bone (Humerus)
• How many bones are in the forearm?

  2 bones (Radius and Ulna)
• How many bones are in the hand?

  27 bones (8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges)
• What are the main bones of the hand and their categories?

  • 8 Carpals
  • 5 Metacarpals
  • 14 Phalanges
• What is the name of the joint formed by the humerus and scapula?

  Shoulder Joint (Glenohumeral Joint)

  
• What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

  Ball-and-socket joint

  
• What movements are allowed by the shoulder joint?

  Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction

  
• What bones are involved in the elbow joint?

  Humerus, Radius, and Ulna

  
• What type of joint is the elbow joint?

  Hinge joint

  
• What is the articulation of the Humeroulnar Joint?

  The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

  
• What is the articulation of the Humeroradial Joint?

  The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius

  
• What is the articulation of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint?

  The head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

  
• What bones are involved in the wrist joint?

  Radius, Ulna, and Carpal Bones (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum)

  
• What type of joint is the wrist joint?

  Condyloid joint

  
• What movements are allowed by the wrist joint?

  Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
• What are the Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joints?

  Joints between the distal row of carpal bones and the bases of the metacarpals
• What type of joint are the Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joints?

  Saddle joints
• What movements do the Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joints allow?

  Movements like opposition
• What are the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints?

  Joints between metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges

  
• What type of joint are the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints?

  Condyloid joints

  
• What movements do the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints allow?

  Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction of the fingers
• What are the Interphalangeal (IP) Joints?

  Joints involving the phalanges

  
• What type of joint are the Interphalangeal (IP) Joints?

  Hinge joints

  
• What movements do the Interphalangeal (IP) Joints allow?

  Flexion and extension of the fingers

  
• What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?

  Fine motor movements and precise control of the fingers and thumb

  
• What are the groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand and their functions?

  1. Thenar Muscles: Control the thumb.

  2. Hypothenar Muscles: Control the little finger.

  3. Lumbricals: Flex the MCP joints and extend the IP joints.

  4. Interossei Muscles: Manage finger abduction and adduction.

  5. Adductor Pollicis: Adducts the thumb.

  
• What is the function of the Thenar Muscles?

  Responsible for the movement of the thumb, particularly opposition
• What is the function of the Hypothenar Muscles?

  Control the movements of the little finger
• What is the function of the Lumbrical Muscles?

  Flex the MCP joints and extend the IP joints of the fingers

  
• What is the function of the Adductor Pollicis?

  Adducts the thumb, bringing it toward the palm
• How do the intrinsic muscles of the hand work together?

  They provide fine motor skills for precise and complex movements necessary for tasks like typing, writing, and manipulating small objects

  
• What is the summary of the functions of the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

  • Thenar muscles: Control the thumb.
  • Hypothenar muscles: Control the little finger.
  • Lumbricals: Flex the MCP joints and extend the IP joints.
  • Interossei muscles: Manage finger abduction and adduction.
  • Adductor Pollicis: Adducts the thumb.