more questions

• What is messenger RNA? What process is it predominately involved in and where does this occur in the cell?

  Messenger RNA is an RNA molecule that carries the code for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes where the protein is made (1 mark)This process is called transcription (1 mark) and occurs in the nucleus of the cell (1 mark)
• What is transfer RNA? What process is it predominately involved in and where does this occur in the cell?

  Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that transfers correct amino acids to the ribosome for inclusion in the protein molecule being made (1 mark)This process is known as translation (1 mark) and occurs in the cytoplasm near the ribosomes (1 mark)
• What is chromatin?


  Chromatin is a complex of nucleic acids and histones that condenses/coils and forms a tangled network
• Describe the components that make up a single nucleotide

  A nucleotide consists of a phospate group and sugar molecule with a nitrogen base attached (1 mark)The nitrogenous bases present in a nucleotide can vary. They can potentially be;Adenine (1 mark)Thymine (1 mark)Cytosine (1 mark)Guanine (1 mark)
• Identify three different types of nucleic acid

  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)Nuclear DNA (nDNA)Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)Ribonucleic acid (RNA)Messenger RNA (mRNA)Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• What problem does transcription solve?

  DNA molecules are too large to leave the nucleus and this is a problem as the codes in the DNA are instructions for the whole cells activities (1 mark)Therefore thinner RNA molecules read the code and take it to the ribosomes (1 mark)RNA is smaller than DNA as it is only single stranded (1 mark)
• What is the name given to the strand of DNA that is transcribed and the name of the strand of DNA that is not transcribed?

  The name for the DNA strand that is transcribed is the template strand (1 mark)The name for the DNA strand that is not transcribed is the coding strand (1 mark)