week 1.2 The Paradigm of the Old

• In ancient Greece, the Sophists were known to be teachers of rhetoric, music, arithmetic, and physical training.
• Protagoras strongly believed that “ Man is the measure of all things ”
• For Thrasymachus, in society, justice is nothing but the advantage of the strong.
• For Thrasymacus, “ Might is right ”.
• Plato believed that Humankind is composed of a body and a soul but humans are souls imprisoned in a body.
• For Plato, the body and soul are not equals, the body is imperfect and the soul is perfect
• • The charioteer is our reason, it is our ability to think and to rationalize our actions. 
• • While the black horse symbolizes our appetite and craving
• white horse symbolizes passion.
• Aristotle, a student of Plato, disagreed with the idea of a perfect soul and an imperfect body.
• For Aristotle, the body and soul are equals and have function to our humanity.
• The body functions as our extension in this world and not everything with a body has a soul.
• For Aristotle there are three types of souls, 

  • vegetative soul .
  • sentient soul
  • Rational soul w
• For Aristotle there are three types of souls, 

  1. vegetative soul.
  2. sentient soul
  3. rational soul
• • the vegetative soul which can be found in plants have the function of growth, nutrition, and reproduction. 
• the sentient soul which can be found in animals have the function of movement, external senses which are the five senses and internal senses which are memory, imagination, and common sense.
• Rational soul which has the function of reason.
• For Epicurus what we need to focus is Now, and in the Now what we have is a body.
• Epicurus does not end his philosophy in an idea of hedonism, instead what he wanted to highlight is the idea of moderation.
• for the Stoics, they strongly believe that we do not control anything in this world. The Stoics view of the world is like a river that flows freely.
• Epicurus highlights the idea of moderation