Intermolecular

• Temporary dipoles can be induced by other nearby permanent dipoles, leading to attractive interactions known as induction forces.
• London dispersion forces arise from temporary dipoles that form between atoms or molecules due to fluctuations in electron density.
• The London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular force.
• Induction forces are weak but important because they contribute significantly to the overall strength of intermolecular forces between molecules with polar bonds.
• Induction forces are formed when the presence of a polar molecule causes another non-polar molecule to become slightly polarized, resulting in an attraction between them.
• The magnitude of an induced dipole depends on the size of the original dipole and its proximity to another charge or dipole.
• Dipole-dipole attractions occur between two polar molecules with opposite partial charges, causing them to attract one another.
• Dipole-dipole attractions occur when two polar molecules interact with one another through electrostatic attraction.
• Dipolar-induced dipole interaction is also called Keesom force
• Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that occurs between hydrogen atoms covalently bound to highly electronegative elements such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen.
• Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that occurs between hydrogen atoms covalently bound to highly electronegative elements such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen.
• Hydrogen bonding is an especially strong type of dipole-dipole interaction where hydrogen bonds form between electronegative elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, and chlorine.
• Dipole-dipole attractions occur when two polar molecules interact through their partial positive and negative charges.
• Dipole-dipole attractions occur between two polar molecules where one end is positive and the other negative.
• Ionic compounds have high melting points because they require energy to overcome the strong electrostatic forces holding them together.
• London dispersion forces


  Temporary dipoles in non-polar molecules; weaker than hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds