Rome

• Who was the first Emperor of Rome?

  Augustus
• What was Augustus's real name?

  Gaius Octavius Thurinus
• What type of government was the Roman Republic?

  It was a democracy where only male citizens could vote.
• Who dominated the Senate in the Roman Republic?

  The wealthy and upper classes, known as Patricians.
• What was the role of the Consul in the Roman Republic?

  The Consul was the most influential figure, elected for one year only.
• How did Julius Caesar impact the Roman Republic?

  He effectively destroyed it by breaking many rules, including being made Consul for life.
• When was Julius Caesar assassinated?

  In 44 BC
• What was the significance of Julius Caesar's assassination?

  It marked the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Roman Empire.
• What was the outcome of Julius Caesar's death?

  It led to a power vacuum and a civil war in Rome.
• Who led Caesar's supporters after his assassination?

  Gaius Octavius Thurinus (Octavian) and Mark Anthony.
• What was Julius Caesar's relationship to Octavian?

  Julius Caesar was Octavian's great uncle and adopted father.
• Who led the Republican supporters against Caesar's supporters?

  Brutus and Cassius.
• What did Octavian demand after defeating the Senate's supporters?

  He demanded to be made consul and that Brutus and Cassius be declared enemies of the state.
• How long did the Second Triumvirate last?

  Ten years
• What caused the Second Triumvirate to fall apart?

  Greed and jealousy soured the relationships among its members.
• What was the decisive factor in Mark Anthony's downfall?

  His relationship with Cleopatra.
• What significant event occurred at the Battle of Actium?

  Octavian defeated Mark Anthony.
• What title was given to Octavian after his victory?

  Emperor Augustus
• What does the title "Augustus" mean?

  It means venerable, esteemed, and respected.
• What does the Ara Pacis mean?

  Altar of Peace
• Why was the Ara Pacis commissioned?

  To honor the return of Augustus from Hispania and Gaul.
• Where was the Ara Pacis located?

  On the Field of Mars in Rome.
• What was depicted on the Ara Pacis?

  Scenes related to the sacrifices that took place on it.
• What surrounded the Ara Pacis?

  An enclosure wall that was sculpted inside and out.
• What were the four aims of Augustan architecture?

  1. Golden Age of Architecture

  2. Pax Romana (Peace of Rome)

  3. Pax Deorum (Peace of the Gods)

  4. Self and Family Promotion
• What inspired Augustus in his architectural designs?

  He was inspired by fifth-century Greece, particularly buildings like the Parthenon.
• What does Pax Romana signify?

  It signifies the Peace of Rome, key to Augustan Rome.
• What does Pax Deorum mean?

  It means the Peace of the Gods, crucial for Roman prosperity.
• How did Augustus promote his family?

  He emphasized his family's links to the gods and promoted future heirs.
• What was the Augustus of Prima Porta based on?

  It was based on the statue of the Doryphoros by Polykleitos.
• What was the purpose of the Augustus of Prima Porta sculpture?

  To project the Augustan ideal of power and authority.
• What did the western and eastern walls of the Ara Pacis contain?


  Scenes linking the Augustan family to the founding of Rome and its important gods.
• What does the northern wall of the Ara Pacis depict?

  Senators and priests on a religious procession to the sacrifice.
• What is shown on the southern wall of the Ara Pacis?

  The Imperial family, including Livia and Agrippa, in a procession.
• Who were the key figures depicted on the southern wall of the Ara Pacis?

  Livia, Agrippa, and Tiberius.