UNIT 1 PHARMA CHEM

• What is the focus of organic chemistry?

  Study of carbon-containing compounds
• What does inorganic chemistry study?

  Compounds that don’t contain carbon or a carbon-hydrogen bond
• What is biochemistry?


  Study of chemical processes that occur in living organisms
• What does analytical chemistry focus on?

  The chemistry of matter and the development of tools to measure their properties
• What does physical chemistry apply?

  Physics, specifically thermodynamics and quantum mechanics
• Why is chemistry considered the central science?

  Because it connects and overlaps with other scientific disciplines
• Who is known as the father of chemistry?

  Antoine Lavoisier
• What is matter?


  Physical material of the universe that occupies space and has mass
• What is the formula for weight?

  Weight = Mass x pull of gravity
• If an object has a mass of 500 kg on Earth, what is its weight using gravity of $9.8 \text{ m/s}^2$?


  $Weight =$$500 \text{ kg} \times 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2 =$$4900 \text{ N}$
• How do you calculate mass from weight and gravity?

  Mass = Weight / pull of gravity
• What is the weight of an elephant with a mass of 51.02 kg on the Moon, where gravity is $1.622 \text{ m/s}^2$?


  $Weight =$$51.02 \text{ kg} \times 1.622 \text{ m/s}^2 =$$82.76 \text{ N}$
• What are the changes in states of matter?

  • Melting: Solid to liquid
  • Solidification: Liquid to solid
  • Freezing: Liquid to solid
  • Boiling: Liquid to gas
  • Evaporation: Liquid to gas from surface
  • Liquefaction: Gas to liquid
  • Condensation: Gas to liquid
  • Sublimation: Solid to gas
  • Deposition: Gas to solid
• What is the shape and volume of solids?


  Solids have a definite shape and volume
• What is the shape and volume of liquids?

  Liquids have an indefinite shape but a definite volume
• What is the shape and volume of gases?

  Gases have an indefinite shape and volume
• What is plasma in terms of states of matter?

  Plasma is the most abundant state of matter and is ionized
• What is the relationship between fluidity and states of matter?

  Fluidity increases from solid to gas
• How does compressibility vary among states of matter?

  Compressibility increases from solid to gas
• What is the kinetic energy trend across states of matter?

  Kinetic energy increases from solid to gas
• What are mesophases or liquid crystals?

  They resemble crystals with loosely ordered molecular arrays and anisotropic refraction of light
• What are the classifications of matter?

  • Pure substances: Constant composition, distinct properties
  • Elements: One atom, simplest form
  • Compounds: Composed of different elements
  • Molecules: Composed of same or different elements
  • Mixtures: Variable composition, retains properties
  • Homogenous: Uniformly mixed (e.g., salt water)
  • Heterogenous: Not uniformly mixed (e.g., oil and water)
• What is the Tyndall effect in colloids?

  It is the light scattering effect observed in colloids
• What is Brownian movement in colloids?

  It refers to the zigzag motion of particles in a colloid
• What are the evidences of chemical change?

  • Change in color
  • Formation of gas
  • Production of odor
  • Formation of a precipitate
  • Change in temperature
  • Production of sound, electricity, light, or mechanical energy
• Classify the following as Pure Substance or Mixture: 24k gold, 18k gold, Bronze, Milk, Tap Water, Water, Wood, Iron, Air, 5% Dextrose, Blood, 70% Alcohol, CO₂, Diamond, Baking Soda, Table sugar, Solution, Air.

  • Pure Substances: 24k gold, Water, Iron, Diamond, Baking Soda, Table sugar, CO₂
  • Mixtures: 18k gold, Bronze, Milk, Tap Water, Wood, Air, 5% Dextrose, Blood, 70% Alcohol, Solution