CHAP 1

• Why is collecting and comparing health data important in global health?

  It helps describe health problems, identify trends, and set priorities for decision-makers.
• What does the burden of disease measure?

  The loss of health from all causes of illness and deaths worldwide.
• What was the global average life expectancy in 2015?

  71.4 years.
• What does healthy life expectancy (HLE) represent?

  The number of years a newborn can expect to live in good health.
• How many children under age five died daily in 2015?

  More than 16,000 children.
• What are the leading causes of death among newborns in 2015?

  Prematurity, birth-related complications, and neonatal sepsis.
• What was the estimated number of stillborn babies in 2015?

  2.6 million babies.
• What percentage of deaths in low-income countries were caused by noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in 2015?

  37% of deaths.
• How did the mortality rate from road traffic injuries compare between low-income and high-income countries in 2015?

  Low-income countries had a higher mortality rate due to road traffic injuries.
• What are the positive changes in the national health situation of the Philippines?

  • Health insurance covers 92% of the population.
  • Improved maternal and child health services.
  • Better access to preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services for communicable diseases.
• How does the World Health Organization define health?

  As a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
• What is public health?

  The science of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, policy making, and research.
• What is the focus of community health?

  On the physical and mental well-being of people in a specific geographic region.
• What is the role of public health nurses?

  To promote and protect the health of populations using knowledge from nursing and public health sciences.
• What are the functions of public health nurses in the Philippines?

  • Management of nursing services.
  • Supervisory roles for midwives and auxiliary health workers.
  • Providing nursing care and health education.
  • Collaborating with other health professionals and organizations.
  • Conducting training and research.
• What are the management functions of a public health nurse?

  Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
• What is the purpose of the supervisory function of a public health nurse?

  To oversee midwives and auxiliary health workers and address issues encountered.
• How does the training function of public health nurses contribute to community health?

  By developing and conducting training programs for midwives and auxiliary workers.
• What is the significance of community organizing in public health nursing?

  • Mobilizes people to solve their own health problems.
  • Encourages understanding of social causes of health issues.
  • Promotes active participation in health actions.
• What historical event marked the beginning of public health services in the Philippines?

  The establishment of a dispensary by Bro. Juan Climente in 1577.
• What was a significant development during the American regime in public health nursing?

  The establishment of the Bureau of Health in 1906.
• When did public health nursing start in Cebu?

  In 1912.
• What was the Fajardo Act (Act No. 2156) responsible for?

  Creating Sanitary Divisions in the Philippines.
• How did the role of nurses change during the American regime in the Philippines?

  Nurses began to take on responsibilities in maternal and child health services.
• What was the role of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) in public health nursing?

  To send nurses to Cebu to care for mothers and newborns.
• What type of nursing service was rendered in Tacloban, Leyte in 1914?

  School nursing.
• What was the impact of the reorganization of health services during the American regime?

  It led to the establishment of structured public health services and nursing roles.
• What was the first name of the department established for public health in the Philippines?

  Department of Public Works, Education and Hygiene
• In what year was the first commissioner of health appointed in the Philippines?

  1899
• What significant change occurred in 1906 regarding health administration in the Philippines?

  Abolition of the board of health and creation of the bureau of health
• What were the key developments in public health nursing in the Philippines in 1912?

  • PHN started in Cebu with 4 graduate nurses focusing on MCH services
  • The Fajardo Act (Act No. 2156) created Sanitary Divisions
  • The President of Sanitary Division managed two or three municipalities
  • Male nurses were assigned where no physicians were available
  • PGH sent four nurses to Cebu for maternal and child care
  • St. Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing assigned two nurses for home visits in Manila
• What was the role of the nurse employed by the Bureau of Health in Tacloban in 1914?

  Rendered school nursing
• Who headed the Office of District Nursing in 1914?

  Dr. Rosario Pastor
• What was the focus of the two graduate Filipino nurses employed in Manila in 1914?

  Maternal and Child Health and Sanitation
• In what year did public health nursing begin in Manila?

  1915
• Who was the first Filipino nurse Supervisor under the Bureau of Health appointed in 1919?

  Miss Carmen del Rosario
• What were the developments in nursing education in the Philippines in 1923?

  • Two government Schools of Nursing were established: Zamboanga General Hospital and Baguio General Hospital
  • Four more government Schools of Nursing were established in Southern Luzon and the Visayan Islands
• What significant change occurred in 1927 regarding the Office of District Nursing?

  It was abolished and replaced by the Section of Public Health Nursing
• What was initiated in 1928 for nurses in the Philippines?

  The first convention of nurses was held
• What change occurred in 1930 regarding the Section of Public Health Nursing?

  It was converted into the Section of Nursing