hist - ch6

• Who were the majority of the population during the Japanese Occupation (JO)?

  Survivors of the war
• How did the majority of the population seek to make a living during the JO?

  By avoiding being noticed by the Japanese
• When was the Indian National Army (INA) formed?

  1 September 1942
• What was the aim of the Indian National Army (INA)?

  To secure Indian independence from British rule
• Who did the members of the INA fight alongside in Southeast Asia?

  Japanese soldiers
• Why did the INA believe that Japanese support was crucial?

  They believed it would help them in their military struggle against the British
• What was the Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM)?

  A political establishment aiming for Malaya's independence through union with Indonesia
• Who led the Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM)?

  Ibrahim bin Yaacob
• What did the KMM believe Japan would provide for Malaya?

  Support in gaining independence
• What was the role of sook ching and kempeitai informants?

  To identify anti-Japanese people
• How did some informants exploit their positions within the Japanese Military Administration?

  By extorting money from people seeking the release of arrested loved ones
• What was the Malay regiment?

  An all-Malay military force formed under British command
• What happened to the seven officers of the Malay regiment after Singapore fell to the Japanese?

  They were executed for refusing to pledge loyalty to Japan
• What was the Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA)?

  A group of resistance fighters organized by the Malayan Communist Party
• How did the MPAJA arouse anti-Japanese sentiments among locals?

  By distributing anti-Japanese newspapers and posters
• What was Force 136?

  A secret military unit formed by the British for intelligence gathering and resistance operations
• What type of network did Force 136 establish?

  An underground network with businesses posing as fronts for intelligence gathering
• How did Force 136 collaborate with the MPAJA?

  To resist the Japanese
• Who was Lim Bo Seng?

  An anti-Japanese activist and member of Force 136
• What activities did Lim Bo Seng organize in the 1930s?

  Anti-Japanese activities such as boycotting Japanese goods
• What happened to Lim Bo Seng after he was captured by the Japanese?

  He was tortured to death but did not reveal any information
• Who was Elizabeth Choy?

  A canteen operator who delivered supplies to British POWs
• What risks did Elizabeth Choy take during the JO?

  She risked her life to deliver supplies and information
• How long was Elizabeth Choy interrogated and tortured by the Kempeitai?

  Close to two hundred days
• What honor was awarded to Elizabeth Choy after the war?

  The Order of the British Empire (OPE)
• What were the main responses of the population in Singapore during the Japanese Occupation?

  • Most tried to survive as best as they could
  • Some collaborated with the Japanese for personal or political gain
  • Some resisted due to hatred of Japanese brutality
  • Others were fiercely anti-Japanese due to loyalty to the British or Chinese nationalism
• What was a significant change in the people's sense of belonging during the Japanese Occupation in Singapore?

  People began to view Singapore as their homeland.
• What impression did the Japanese want to create with their actions during the occupation?

  They wanted to instill fear and demonstrate their control.
• What happened to Allied soldiers after the British surrendered?

  Thousands were imprisoned as Prisoners of War (POWs).
• What were the living conditions like for POWs during their imprisonment?

  They lived in extremely cramped and unhygienic conditions.
• What was the purpose of Operation Sook Ching?

  To eliminate anti-Japanese elements among the local population.
• Why were the Chinese viewed as a potential source of opposition by the Japanese?

  Because of their past support for the resistance movement in China and Malaya.
• What was the estimated number of people massacred during Operation Sook Ching?

  Between 25,000 to 50,000 people.
• How did the Japanese authorities use the Overseas Chinese Association (OCA)?

  They used it to extort money from the Chinese community.
• What challenges did the Chinese community face in raising the extorted sum of 10 million Straits dollars?

  They had an extremely short deadline and insufficient currency in circulation.
• What percentage of property value were individuals required to contribute to raise the extorted sum?

  8% of the value of their properties exceeding $3,000.
• What was the purpose of the postcards depicting Japanese soldiers engaging in light-hearted activities?

  To convey a friendly and approachable image of the Japanese soldiers.
• What was the vision of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS)?

  To free Asian nations from Western colonial powers and promote resource sharing.
• What was one method the Japanese used to impose their culture on the people of Singapore?

  Teaching and promotion of the Japanese language.
• How did the Japanese provide benefits to the Indian community in Singapore?

  They supported the formation of the Indian National Army (INA).