Sociology culture and identity

• What is material culture?

  Tangible artifacts and physical surroundings.
• What is non-material culture?

  It refers to ideas, beliefs, values, and norms.
• What are the elements of popular culture?

  Mass-produced, widely consumed products.
• What does "high culture" refer to?

  Elite, refined cultural products.
• What are the characteristics of subcultures?

  Distinctive norms, values, and practices.
• What is meant by "counterculture"?

  It opposes mainstream cultural norms.
• What does global culture mean?


  Shared values and practices worldwide.
• What are the characteristics of organizational culture?

  Shared norms and values within an organization.
• What is cultural diversity?

  Variety of cultural backgrounds.
• How does multiculturalism influence culture?


  It blends and respects differences among cultures.
• What is cultural materialism?


  Material conditions shape culture.
• What does cultural evolution refer to?

  Cultures develop over time.
• What is cultural relativism?


  Judging cultures within their context.
• What is cultural imperialism?

  Dominance of one culture globally.
• What does cultural hybridity mean?


  Mixing of cultures and identities.
• What is structural functionalism in culture?


  Culture serves social functions.
• What is cultural hegemony?

  Dominance of ruling class culture.
• What is the role of symbols in cultural theory?

  Conveying shared meanings and values.
• What does postmodernism in culture refer to?

  It rejects grand narratives and celebrates diversity.
• How does conflict theory explain culture?

  Struggles for cultural dominance and power.
• What is socialization?


  Learning societal norms and values.
• What is primary socialization?

  The process of learning basic values in early life.
• What is secondary socialization?

  Learning roles outside the family.
• What is the role of the family in socialization?

  It provides the first exposure to norms.
• How do peers influence socialization?

  Peer group influences behaviors.
• What is anticipatory socialization?


  Preparing for future roles.
• What is the concept of social roles?

  Expected behaviors within society.
• What is role conflict?

  Conflict between role expectations.
• What is role strain?


  Stress due to conflicting demands.
• How do institutions contribute to socialization?

  They reinforce and teach societal expectations.
• What is the theory of symbolic interactionism?


  Interaction shapes identity and behavior.
• What is the looking-glass self?

  Self-image influenced by feedback from others.
• What is role-taking?


  Assuming others' perspectives and roles.
• What is the theory of dramaturgy?

  Social life is viewed as a theater performance.
• What is the generalized other?

  Society's norms and values internalized.
• What is the theory of self-concept?


  Personal beliefs, values, and identity.
• What is the "I" and "Me" concept?

  Active vs. reflective self.
• What is the theory of moral development?


  Progression of ethical reasoning.
• What is the theory of social learning?

  Learning through observation and imitation.
• What is internalization?


  Adopting societal norms and values.