Matter

• What is matter defined as?

  Anything that has mass and volume.
• What is the state of matter characterized by a definite shape and volume?


  Solid.
• How are the particles arranged in a solid?

  They are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement.
• What is the state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?

  Liquid.
• How do the particles in a liquid behave?

  They are close together but can move past one another.
• What is the state of matter that has neither a definite shape nor volume?

  Gas.
• How are the particles in a gas arranged?

  They are far apart and move freely.
• What does "mesos" refer to in the context of plasma/mesophase?

  It means between the liquid and crystalline states.
• What characterizes the plasma/mesophase state of matter?

  Gases are ionized and contain free-moving charged particles.
• What are pure substances?


  Materials with a constant composition.
• What are examples of pure substances?

  Elements like gold and oxygen, or compounds like water and sodium chloride.
• What are Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API)?

  Components in medicines that produce the intended effect.
• What role do excipients play in medications?

  They are inactive substances used to aid in delivering the active ingredient.
• What are some examples of excipients?

  Diluents, binders, and flavoring agents.
• What is the definition of mass?

  The amount of matter in an object.
• What is the definition of volume?

  The amount of space an object occupies.
• What is the difference between elements and compounds?

  Elements are pure substances made of one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded.
• Why are Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) important in pharmaceuticals?

  They are responsible for the effects of the medication.
• What is the role of excipients in drug delivery?

  They help in the formulation and delivery of the active ingredient to ensure effectiveness.
• What is matter made up of?

  Particles
• How would you describe the size of the particles that make up matter?

  The particles of matter are very tiny.
• What is true about the arrangement of particles in matter?

  The particles of matter have space between them.
• What is a characteristic of the movement of particles in matter?

  The particles of matter are continuously moving.
• What force exists between the particles of matter?

  The particles of matter attract each other.
• What does micromeritics study?

  The properties and behavior of small particles.
• Why is micromeritics important in pharmaceuticals?

  It ensures even distribution of particles in tablets for consistency and efficacy.
• What is melting also known as?

  Fusion
• What happens during the melting process?


  A solid changes to a liquid when heated.
• What is the temperature at which melting occurs called?

  Melting point
• What is the latent heat of fusion?

  The amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a solid into a liquid at its melting point.
• What is boiling?


  The transformation of a liquid into a gas when heated to its boiling point.
• How is boiling characterized in terms of the substance?

  It is a bulk process, meaning the entire substance undergoes this change simultaneously.
• What is the latent heat of vaporization?

  The heat needed to convert 1 kg of liquid into gas at its boiling point.
• What is sublimation?


  The direct change of state from solid to gas or vice versa without passing through the liquid state.
• Give an example of a substance that undergoes sublimation.

  Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide)
• What is condensation?


  The process by which a gas is transformed into a liquid.
• What is evaporation?


  The process by which liquid turns into vapor at temperatures below the boiling point.
• How does evaporation differ from boiling?

  Evaporation occurs only at the surface of the liquid, while boiling occurs throughout the liquid.
• What factors affect the rate of evaporation?

  Surface area, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
• How does surface area affect evaporation?

  More area allows more molecules to escape, increasing the rate.