BOT LEC

Subdecks (3)

Cards (176)

  • How many species are in the plant kingdom?
    Hundreds of thousands
  • What types of habitats do plants live in?
    From arctic tundra to tropical rain forests
  • What is the size range of land plants?
    From microscopic to giant sequoias
  • What is a key feature that allows plants to colonize various environments?
    A waxy cuticle covering aerial portions
  • What does the cuticle help prevent in plants?
    Desiccation or drying out
  • Why is a cuticle critical for land plants' survival?
    They cannot move to wetter areas
  • What do stomata facilitate in plants?
    Gas exchange
  • From where do plants obtain carbon for photosynthesis?
    From the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
  • What must happen to CO2 before it can be used in photosynthesis?
    It must diffuse into chloroplasts
  • How do gametangia in algae differ from those in plants?
    Algae gametangia are generally unicellular
  • What surrounds the gametangium in plants?
    A protective layer of sterile cells
  • Where does the fertilized egg develop in plants?
    Within the female gametangium
  • How does the fertilized egg develop in algae?
    Away from its gametangium
  • What is the plant life cycle characterized by?
    Alternation between haploid and diploid generations
  • What are the four main groups of the plant kingdom?
    Bryophytes, seedless vascular, gymnosperms, angiosperms
  • What are bryophytes characterized as?
    Small nonvascular plants
  • How do bryophytes obtain necessary materials?
    Through diffusion and osmosis
  • Why are bryophytes restricted in size?
    They rely on diffusion and osmosis
  • Do bryophytes form seeds?
    No, they do not form seeds
  • What distinguishes vascular plants from bryophytes?
    Vascular tissues for support and conduction
  • What are the two types of vascular tissues in plants?
    Xylem and phloem
  • What does xylem conduct?
    Water and dissolved minerals
  • What does phloem conduct?
    Dissolved organic molecules like sugar
  • What is lignin's role in vascular plants?
    Provides support and conduction
  • How does lignin affect plant growth?
    Enables plants to grow tall
  • How did the successful occupation of land by plants affect animals?
    Provided habitat and food for animals
  • What are club mosses and ferns classified as?
    Seedless vascular plants
  • How do seedless vascular plants reproduce?
    By forming spores
  • What do all seedless vascular plants have?
    True stems with vascular tissues
  • What are the two main groups of seedless vascular plants?
    Ferns and lycophytes
  • What is the significance of ferns in plant evolution?
    They are an ancient and diverse group
  • What are the two basic types of true leaves?
    Microphylls and megaphylls
  • How is a microphyll characterized?
    Small with a single vascular strand
  • How did megaphylls likely evolve?
    From stem branches filling with tissue
  • How many species of ferns exist?
    11,000 species
  • Where do ferns commonly inhabit?
    Swamps, marshes, and moist woodlands
  • How many species of whisk ferns exist?
    12 species
  • What is a characteristic of whisk ferns?
    They lack true roots and leaves
  • How many species of mosses exist?
    9,900 species
  • Where do mosses typically grow?
    On moist soil, rocks, or tree bark