PRELIMINARY

• What does the acronym S.P.E.C.T stand for in the context of the social and cultural world?

  Social, Personal, Environmental, Cultural, and Time
• What are the fundamental concepts of the social and cultural world as outlined in the S.P.E.C.T framework?

  • Persons: Unique individuals developing in social settings.
  • Society: Comprises people, groups, networks, and institutions.
  • Culture: Shared knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
  • Environment: Interaction with a physical setting.
  • Time: Contextualizes persons, society, culture, and environment.
• How is a person defined in the context of the social and cultural world?

  A person is a unique individual who develops in a social and environmental setting.
• What does society comprise according to the study material?

  Society comprises people, groups, networks, institutions, organizations, and systems.
• How does culture manifest in society?

  Culture is demonstrated by beliefs, customs, values, norms, rules, laws, governance, arts, technologies, and artifacts.
• Why is culture considered dynamic?

  Culture undergoes change and is not static.
• How does the environment influence society?

  The attitudes and values regarding the environment affect interactions between persons, society, culture, and the environment.
• What is the significance of time in the context of society and culture?

  Time contextualizes every person, society, culture, and environment, influencing perceptions and changes.
• What are the additional course concepts represented by the acronym P.I.G.G.A.T?

  • Power: Ability to influence or persuade others.
  • Identity: Sense of self at personal, social, and cultural levels.
  • Gender: Socially constructed differences between females and males.
  • Globalization: Integration and sharing across countries.
  • Technologies: Tools that assist interactions in society.
  • Authority: Legitimate use of power.
• How is power defined in the study material?

  Power is the ability to influence or persuade others to a point of view or action.
• What is the relationship between authority and power?

  Authority is linked to power and is the legitimate use of power.
• What does gender refer to in the context of social life?

  Gender refers to the socially constructed differences between females and males.
• How does globalization affect societies?

  Globalization integrates and shares goods, services, knowledge, and culture between countries.
• What is identity and how is it formed?

  Identity is the sense of self formed over time through interactions at micro, meso, and macro levels of society.
• What are technologies in the context of society?

  Technologies refer to all the tools used to assist interactions in society.
• What are the levels of society as described in the study material?

  • Micro: Personal interactions between individuals and families.
  • Meso: Interactions between micro and macro levels, including community groups.
  • Macro: Impersonal interactions related to large institutions and government.
• What is the difference between personal experience and public knowledge?

  Personal experiences refer to knowledge gained from individual reflection, while public knowledge is general knowledge available to everyone.
• What are the key components of social and cultural literacy?

  1. Sense of personal, social, and cultural identity.

  2. Interest in observing micro, meso, and macro levels.

  3. Empathy for diverse beliefs and values.

  4. Effective and ethical research skills.

  5. Effective communication in cross-cultural settings.

  6. Skills for social inclusion and awareness of discrimination.

  7. Avoiding cultural judgments based on one's own culture.

  8. Sense of social responsibility and active citizenship.

  9. Awareness of major national and global issues.

  10. Consideration of globalization and its implications.
• What is quantitative research characterized by?

  Quantitative research is characterized by numerical data, surveys, and statistics.
• What is qualitative research characterized by?

  Qualitative research is characterized by descriptive prose, interviews, and observations.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative and qualitative research methods?

  Quantitative Strengths:

  • Reaches a large sample group.
  • Identifies trends and comparisons.

  
  

  Quantitative Weaknesses:

  • Participants may lack content knowledge.
  • Can be time-consuming.

  
  

  Qualitative Strengths:

  • Contains direct quotations from participants.
  • Provides in-depth insights.

  
  

  Qualitative Weaknesses:

  • Participants may be biased.
  • Difficult to compare with other studies.
• What is the purpose of statistical analysis in quantitative research?

  Statistical analysis examines statistics to make generalizations and extrapolate trends.
• What is content analysis in quantitative research?


  Content analysis detects and counts data that can be quantified.
• What type of questionnaire is used in qualitative research?

  A questionnaire with open-ended questions gathers opinions and experiences.
• What is the focus of personal reflection in qualitative research?

  Personal reflection involves the evaluation of personal experiences.
• What is a focus group in qualitative research?

  A focus group entails data collection from an in-depth discussion held by a small group of people.
• What is a case study in research?

  A case study involves an in-depth study of a cultural group using multiple research methods.
• What is participant observation in research?

  Participant observation is where the researcher is immersed in the action being observed.
• What are the steps in the research process?

  1. Decide on the topic.

  2. Develop a focus question or hypothesis.

  3. Gather background information.

  4. Design the research methods.

  5. Apply research methods ethically.

  6. Compile and organize information.

  7. Analyze, synthesize, and interpret findings.

  8. Write up conclusions.

  9. Check the final product for editing.
• What is the role of ethical research?

  Ethical research promotes trust and ensures participants are comfortable and informed.
• What are the key concepts of community, continuity, change, social construct, and social structure?

  • Community: A group sharing common interests and resources.
  • Continuity: Persistence of cultural elements over time.
  • Change: Alteration of cultural elements in society.
  • Social Construct: Society is creatively produced by human beings.
  • Social Structure: Patterns of social behavior and ordered interrelations.
• Socialization is the process by which individuals acquire knowledge, values, beliefs, attitudes, norms, roles, and behaviors that are considered appropriate to their social group.
• Secondary Socialization occurs later in life and involves acquiring new skills or modifying existing ones through formal education, work experience, or other forms of training.
• Primary Socialization refers to the initial learning experiences during childhood when children develop basic skills such as language, motor coordination, and self-control.
• Primary Socialization occurs during childhood when children develop basic skills such as language, manners, and self-control.
• Culture refers to shared patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving among members of a particular society.
• Primary Socialization takes place during childhood and adolescence when children learn basic social skills from parents, siblings, peers, teachers, and others.
• The family is the primary agent of socialization, with parents being the most influential agents of socialization.
• Cultural Relativism suggests that all cultures have equal value and must be understood within their own context.
• Peer groups also play a significant role in secondary socialization.