9.4-cloning

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Plant tissue culture is the process of growing plants from a small piece of plant
process of plant tissue culture
smaple
tissue is sterilised
treated with cytokinin to stimulate growth
removed and placed in compost
small plant develops
auxin stimulates growth
embryo splitting is the process of splitting an embryo into two embryos
somatic cell nuclear transfer is the transfer of a nucleus from an adult cell to an egg cell
process of SCNT
parts are chosen due to desirable traits
embryo are split
embryo is split
placed in uterus
How was Dolly created?
The artificial cloning of mammals involves:
obtaining the nucleus from a somatic (body) cell of an adult animal — this is the ‘donor’ nucleus
removing the nucleus from an unfertilised egg cell, typically of the same species — this is the enucleated egg cell
transferring the donor nucleus into the enucleated egg cell
culturing the egg cell with its donor nucleus until it starts embryonic development
transferring the developing embryo into the uterus of a surrogate animal, where it completes development.
Who was the first lamb to be cloned in Australia?
Matilda the sheep
When was Matilda the sheep born?
April 2000
What were the names of Australia’s first artificially cloned calves?
Mayzi and Suzi
How are Mayzi and Suzi related?
They are identical twins
How far apart were Mayzi and Suzi born?
Two weeks apart
Who were the first cloned primates?
Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua
From what type of cells were the nuclei used to create Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua obtained?
Foetal cells
What is the name of the first cat to be artificially cloned?
CC (short for carbon copy)
What type of cell was used to clone CC?
A cumulus cell from an adult female cat
When was CC announced to be cloned?
February 2002
Who was the first dog to be artificially cloned?
Snuppy
What type of cell was used to clone Snuppy?
An ear cell from a three-year-old Afghan hound
When was Snuppy announced to be cloned?
August 2005
What does the name Snuppy stand for?
Seoul National University puppy
SCNT has the potential to be an important process in animal agricultural industries due to the opportunity to select traits that can enhance agricultural yields, such as milk production in dairy cows. It also has the potential to save the genetic information of species facing extinction. However, general public attitudes to reproductive cloning of animals are mixed. While it may bring economic benefits, some people oppose the concept for various reasons, such as their belief that cloning is interfering with nature.