Chapter Nine

Created by

Georgia Brooks

Cards (30)

What is a population in biological terms?
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same location
What is a gene pool?
The total number of individual alleles within a particular population
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that carries the code to make a protein
What are alleles?
Alternate forms of a gene
What is sexual reproduction?
The fusion of two distinct haploid gametes to produce a single diploid zygote composed of two sets of chromosomes
What are reproductive strategies?
Adaptations to reproduction that improve the success of survival of a species
What is fertilisation?
The process by which two gametes (such as sperm and egg cells) fuse and form a zygote
What is a zygote?
The diploid cell formed by the combination of two haploid gamete cells
What are angiosperms?
Flowering plants with stems, roots, and leaves
What is pollination?
A form of sexual reproduction in plants that involves the fusion of pollen (male gamete) and ovule (female gamete) and leads to the production of seeds
What is asexual reproduction?
Producing offspring without the fusion of gametes
What is a clone?
A genetically identical organism or section of DNA
What is binary fission?
A type of asexual reproduction where one organism divides into two identical organisms
What is budding?
A type of asexual reproduction where a group of cells form a bud and break away from the original organism to form a clone
What is fragmentation?
A type of asexual reproduction where a parent organism breaks into fragments, each of which may develop into individual clones
What is vegetative propagation?
A type of asexual reproduction where a plant grows from fragments, such as stem or root cuttings, of its parents
What is sporogenesis?
A type of asexual reproduction where spores form on the surface of the organism and are dispersed into the surroundings where they may develop into individual clones of the original
What is parthenogenesis?
A type of asexual reproduction where an embryo can develop from a single unfertilised gamete
What are spores?
Small haploid units used as a means of asexual reproduction in sporogenesis
What are reproductive cloning technologies?
Artificially induced human interventions to produce genetically identical clones
What is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
The transference of a somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated egg cell
What does enucleated mean?
A cell that has had its nucleus removed or destroyed
What is embryo splitting?
The division of an early embryo into several individual embryos
What is in-vitro fertilisation (IVF)?
The fertilisation of an egg outside of the body
What is plant tissue culturing?
The cloning of plant cells on a nutrient culture medium in a controlled environment
What is a callus in plant biology?
A mass of plant cells
What is plant cutting?
The growth of plants using a fragment of the original
What is plant grafting?
The attachment of two individual plant stems together
What is a scion in plant grafting?
The upper stem of a plant used in grafting
What is rootstock in plant grafting?
The lower stem of a plant with a well-developed root system