Understanding Databases

• Database

  • Database is an organized collection of data that is related to a particular subject or purpose.
  • Using and creating a database are part of our usual routine.
  • Manual database
• Database Management System

  • It is also called a computerized database.
  • A computerized or electronic database is a collection of data that is stored in the computer system.
• DBMS Example

  • Barcode
  • Library System
  • School ID System
  • Biometrics
  • Document search bar
  • Kiosk
• Database Example

  • Usage of pen and paper
  • Notes on refrigerator
  • Sticky Notes
  • Notebook
• Point-of-Sales (POS)

  • It is commonly used in grocery or department store checkout counter.
  • It records transaction and generates updated reports for the store owner or manager
  • Fast food restaurants
• Automated Teller Machine

  • Allows you to conduct banking transaction such as withdrawing and depositing money using your account.
  • Making cash advances through credit cards, taking payments, and checking available balances involve DBMS.
• Flight Reservation System 


  Allows the user to see flight details, customer bookings, and reservations.
• Computerized Inventory System

  • Allows the user to automatically add or deduct the amount of products in a company.
  • Fast food restaurants, paper company etc.
• School System

  • Enrollment System
  • Student Portal
  • Quipper
• Advantages of DBMS

  • Flexible and allows many users to examine and extract information in a number of ways.
  • It can access records faster. It is compact.
  • It reduces the probability of inconsistent output.
• Kinds of DBMS

  • Flat-file Database
  • Relational Database
• Flat-File Database

  • is designed to put all the information in one Table. An example of this is a simple list of students in Microsoft Excel file.
  • Mostly, the information included are Name-and-address list with the fields Name, Address, and Phone Number.
• Relational Database

  • is a type of database where one or more Tables are linked or related to other Tables in database. An example of this is library system.
  • MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle Database.
• Phases of Database Design

  1. Data Definition
  2. Data Refinement
  3. Establishment of Relationships Between Tables
  4. Determination of Appropriate Data Outputs
  5. Creation of the Control System
• Data Definition

  • This is where all the necessary fields for the database are gathered and listed.
  • All the data that need to be stored in the database must be considered.
  • These fields are useful in manipulating data.
• Data Refinement

  • Break down the fields to the smallest logical parts to facilitate the information in the database.
  • Prioritize refining data into much easier access.
• Determination of Appropriate Data Outputs

  • Consider ways in which information will be extracted from the database.
  • The first step is to design how reports should look like on your computer monitor or when printed on paper.
  • This will help the user organize data that are needed to be seen.
• Creation of the Control System

  • The last phase of database design
  • This is where you program the operations of the system to store, sort, change and combine the data in relation to phase 3.
  • You must consider the right application software to build your database.