Chloroplasts

• where does photosynthesis occur?

  chloroplasts
• what are chloroplasts?


  flattened organelles surrounded by a double membrane

  found in plant cells
• What are thylakoids?


  fluid-filled sacs
• What are STACKED UP in the chloroplasts?

  Thylakoids are stacked up in the chloroplast into structures called grana

  The grana are linked together by bits of thylakoid embrane called lamellae
• singular of grana?


  granum
• singular of LAMELLAE?


  lamella
• What do chloroplasts contain?

  Photosynthetic pigments
• What are photosynthetic pigments?

  Coloured substances that absorb the light energy needed for photosynthesis.

  The pigments are found in the thylakoid membranes- they are attached to PROTEINS

  The protein and pigment is called a PHOTOSYSTEM
• How many photosystems are used by plants to capture light energy?

  2
• What are the 2 photosystems used by plants to capture light energy?

  Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII)
• At what wavelength does photosystem I best absorb light?

  wavelength of 700nm
• At what wavelength does photosystem II best absorb light?

  Wavelength of 680nm
• Describe the stroma?


  Gel-like substance
• What does the stroma contain?

  Enzymes, sugars, organic acids
• Where is the stroma found?


  Contained within the inner membrane of the chloroplast and surrounding the thylakodis
• What happens to carbs produced by photosynthesis that ARE NOT USED STRAIGHT AWAY?

  They are stored as starch grains in the stroma