Paging , Segmentation & Virtual memory

• What happens when program F arrives and cannot fit into the available spaces?

  Segmentation can split the program into two parts to fit into free space
• What is virtual memory?

  Virtual memory allows a computer to use hard disk space as an extension of RAM
• Why is virtual memory necessary in modern computers?

  It allows more programs to be stored than can fit in RAM
• What happens when a program is loaded into RAM from the hard disk?

  The instructions are transferred into RAM for execution
• What occurs when RAM runs out of space while executing programs?

  Instructions not currently in use can be transferred to virtual memory on the hard disk
• How does virtual memory give the impression of more memory than is physically available?

  By swapping out less-used instructions to the hard disk
• How does paging divide memory?

  Memory is divided into fixed sizes called pages
• What is a drawback of paging in memory management?

  It can separate related instructions into different parts of memory
• How does segmentation differ from paging?

  Segmentation divides memory based on logical divisions, not fixed sizes
• What does the bootstrap program do when the computer is turned on?

  It loads the operating system from the disk into RAM
• What happens when a program is double-clicked to load?

  The program's instructions are transferred into RAM
• What are the similarities and differences between paging and segmentation?

  Similarities:

  • Both divide memory into smaller sections

  
  

  Differences:

  • Paging uses fixed sizes, while segmentation uses logical divisions
  • Paging can separate related instructions, while segmentation keeps them together
• What is the process of handling memory when a program is closed?

  1. The memory occupied by the closed program is released.

  2. New programs can be loaded into the available memory.

  3. If memory is full, virtual memory may be utilized.