Types of operating system

• What is the purpose of an operating system?

  To manage computer hardware and software resources and provide common services for computer programs
• What are the characteristics of multitasking operating systems?

  • Allow multiple applications to run simultaneously
  • Schedule active programs to receive time slices
  • Give the impression of concurrent execution
  • Handle multiple processes even in single processor systems
• What are the features of multi-user operating systems?

  • Allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously
  • Manage user permissions and access rights
  • Handle requests from different users on a network
• What defines distributed operating systems?

  • Combine processing power of multiple computers for a single task
  • Control and coordinate computers across a network
  • Present multiple computers as a single system to the user
  • Commonly used in online shopping sites
• What are embedded operating systems and their characteristics?

  • Run on dedicated hardware
  • Found in devices like washing machines, TVs, and traffic lights
  • Designed for maximum efficiency with low power consumption
  • Highly specialized for specific tasks
• What are the features of real-time operating systems?

  • Guarantee execution of processes within a known time frame
  • Used in safety-critical environments (e.g., aircraft, hospital monitoring)
  • Built with redundancy to handle sudden increases in input
  • Processors rarely run at full capacity
• How are the different types of operating systems related?

  • They are not mutually exclusive
  • A network can be both multi-user and multitasking
  • Distributed systems can support multitasking and multiple users
  • Real-time systems can be embedded within other systems
• What is an example of a safety-critical environment that uses real-time operating systems?

  Aircraft autopilot systems
• Why do embedded operating systems use low powered processors?

  To maximize efficiency and minimize energy consumption
• How do distributed operating systems handle increased user requests?

  By automatically adding additional servers to balance the load
• What is a common application of distributed operating systems?

  Online shopping sites
• What is the significance of redundancy in real-time operating systems?

  It allows the system to handle sudden increases in input without failure
• What is the role of the operating system in a multi-user environment?

  To manage user permissions and access rights
• What type of operating system is typically used in washing machines?

  Embedded operating systems
• What is the main function of multitasking in operating systems?

  To allow multiple applications to run at the same time
• What is a key feature of multi-user operating systems?

  They allow more than one person to use a computer at the same time
• How does a distributed operating system present multiple computers to the user?

  As if they were a single system
• What happens when a distributed system becomes busy with user requests?

  Additional servers might automatically join the system to balance the load
• What is the main characteristic of real-time operating systems?

  They must execute processes within a known time frame
• Why are embedded operating systems highly specialized?

  Because they are designed for specific tasks
• How can a real-time operating system be part of an embedded system?

  By providing critical timing guarantees for specific tasks