Biological Molecules

• Elements that make up carbohydrate molecules :

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Elements that make up proteins molecules :

  Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
• Elements that make up Lipids molecules:

  Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
• Glucose is the monomer that makes up the larger Carbohydrate molecule
• Amino acids are the monomers that make up the larger Protein molecule
• Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers that makes up the larger lipid molecule
• Large carbohydrate molecules are polymers
• Large protein molecules are polymers
• Large lipid molecules aren't polymers
• The enzymes that break up carbohydrates can be found in the mouth and the small intestine
• The enzymes needed to break down proteins can be found in the stomach and the small intestine
• The enzymes needed to break down lipids can be found in the small intestine
• Carbohydrates are a source of energy, used to make the cell wall in plant
• What are carbohydrates composed of?

  Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
• What is the typical ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?

  The typical ratio is 1:2:1.
• What are the three main types of carbohydrates?

  - Monosaccharides: Simple sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose) - Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides linked together (e.g., sucrose, lactose) - Polysaccharides: Long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose)
• What role do carbohydrates play in energy production in the human body?

  Carbohydrates are primarily used for energy production, providing 4 calories per gram.
• How are excess carbohydrates stored in the body?

  Excess carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.