Pneumonia

• Pneumonia


  an infection that causes severe inflammation in the lungs which make the alveoli to fill with mucus, fluid, and debris
• Pneumonia

  an infection that causes severe inflammation in the lungs, which makes the alveoli fill with mucus, fluid, and debris, leading to impaired gas exchange where CO2 can't get out and oxygen now can't get in, resulting in hypoxia.
• Transmission is by respiratory droplet.
• Pneumonia: Etiologic Agent

  • Streptococcus Pneumonae - causing pneumococcal pneumonia
  • Haemophilus influenzae - causing broncho pneumonia (children)
• Pneumonia: Common types

  • Legionnaire's Pneumonia - during summer
  • Pneumococcal Pneumonia - during winter
• Pneumonia: Signs and Symptoms

  1. Altered mental status (dt hypoxia - restlessness, agitation, confusion)
  2. Fever
  3. Pathognomonic sign: Rusty sputum
  4. Dyspnea
  5. Pleuritic Chest pain
• Pneumonia: Common types

  • Legionnaire's Pneumonia - during summer
  • Pneumococcal Pneumonia - during winter
• Pneumonia: Signs and Symptoms

  • Pleuritic chest pain - sharp chest pain upon inspiration or coughing
• Pneumonia: Diagnostic procedures

  • Sputum culture - confirmatory
• Pneumonia: Diagnostic procedures

  • Sputum culture - confirmatory

  *Critical to Remember: A - antibiotics A - after cultures
• Pneumonia: Diagnostic procedures

  • CBC - increased WBC, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• Pneumonia: Management

  • Chest physiotherapy
  • CBR
  • TCDB - turn cough & deep breath
  • Avoid cough suppressants (antitussives)
  • Fluid: 2 to 3 L per day
  • Positioning: Semi or High Fowler's

  *Hypoxia in unilateral pneumonia - good lung down

  • Reexpand alveoli: Incentive Spirometer
  • For pleuritic chest pain - splinting
  • Prevent reinfection: antibiotics, smoking cessation, hand washing