12.4-5

• What are some preventative measures to avoid infections?

  Personal hygiene, avoiding food contamination, and consuming treated water.
• Why is contact tracing important?

  It informs people who may have been infected that they need to see a doctor.
• How can identifying contacts during contact tracing help an individual?

  It may prevent the individual from being reinfected by a contact.
• What can contact tracing reveal about an infection?


  It can identify where the infection came from.
• What role does contact tracing play in public health?

  It protects the community from the spread of diseases such as STIs and COVID-19.
• What is the purpose of public health programs?

  To disseminate information and implement control measures.
• What is a treatment in healthcare?

  A treatment is something done to control a health problem, lessen symptoms, or clear it up.
• What are some examples of treatments?

  Medicine, therapy, surgery, or other approaches.
• What is chemotherapy?


  It is a type of cancer treatment using anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized regimen.
• What are the goals of chemotherapy?


  To cure cancer, prolong life, or reduce symptoms.
• What are antibiotics?


  Medicines that treat infections and diseases caused by bacteria.
• How do antibiotics work?

  They damage bacteria so that the immune system can more easily fight them.
• What is antibiotic resistance?

  It occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials.
• Which types of microbes can evolve resistance?

  All classes of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
• What are the main drivers of antimicrobial resistance?

  Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials.
• How does lack of clean water and sanitation affect microbial spread?


  It promotes the spread of microbes, some of which can be resistant to antimicrobial treatment.