White Rule Ends

• 300 years of white rule ended in December 1993, allowing blacks to have a share in government; but Zulu boycott continued despite bantustans being scrapped, and Chief Buthelezi insisted KwaZulu run its own affairs
• Right-wing whites demanded an Afrikaner homeland, threatening war if they didn't get it, neither them nor the Inkatha registered for the election, Mandela knew the violence had to end or whites may leave with their wealth
• Foreign firms might not want to invest so Mandela made concessions in February 1994, giving local councils more powers and Zulus some self-determination
• Uprising ensued when President Mangope, Bophuthatswana bantustan ruler, refused to participate as his people disagreed; students fought battles with police and strikes hit civil service and TV; March, South Africa took over
• In march an Inkatha march in Johannesburg (tried to force into the ANC HQ) led to violence, with 53 deaths, Zulu youths reported imprisonment and torture by ANC security guards
• Buthelezi wanted to postpone election, but other parties refused, he threatened to break away, violence escalated in Natal, leading to a new state of emergency in April
• In the final days, Buthelezi agreed to allow Inkatha to join elections, after a promise the Zulu monarchy would continue