Industrial Revolution

• What was the Industrial Revolution?

  The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialisation and innovation that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
• Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

  It began in Great Britain.
• What major transition occurred during the Industrial Revolution?

  There was a transition from hand production to machines.
• What was the primary fuel shift during the Industrial Revolution?

  There was a shift from wood and other biofuels to coal.
• What new processes were introduced during the Industrial Revolution?

  New chemical manufacturing and iron production processes were introduced.
• How did water power improve during the Industrial Revolution?

  The efficiency of water power improved during the Industrial Revolution.
• What were the key factors that led to the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

  - Agricultural Revolution: Improved farming techniques increased food production. - Natural Resources: Abundant coal and iron ore deposits. - Colonial Empire: Provided raw materials and markets. - Stable Political System: Government support for business and innovation. - Scientific Revolution: Encouraged innovation and new technologies. - Transportation: Improved road and canal systems. - Financial Systems: Developed banking and investment structures.
• What was one key factor that contributed to Britain's Industrial Revolution?

  A large colonial empire providing raw materials and markets was a key factor.
• What was the significance of the steam engine during the Industrial Revolution?

  The steam engine provided a reliable power source for factories and revolutionised transportation through its use in locomotives.
• Who invented the steam engine and in what year?

  James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769.
• What was the impact of the Spinning Jenny on textile production?

  The Spinning Jenny revolutionised textile production.
• What did the Bessemer Process allow for?

  The Bessemer Process allowed for mass production of steel.
• How did the introduction of the telegraph change communication?


  The telegraph revolutionised long-distance communication.
• When did the first public railway open?

  The first public railway opened in 1825.
• What were the major social changes during the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

  - Urbanisation: Movement from rural areas to cities. - Working Conditions: Often poor and dangerous. - Class Structure: Emergence of a new middle class and a larger working class. - Living Conditions: Overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. - Education: Gradual introduction of mass education. - Social Movements: Rise of trade unions and calls for reform. - Family Structure: Changes as more women and children entered the workforce. - Public Health: Initially declined, leading to later reforms.
• What was the trend in population movement during the Industrial Revolution?

  People moved from rural areas to cities, leading to rapid urban growth.
• What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the standard of living for workers?

  The standard of living initially declined for many workers but gradually improved over time.
• What best describes the overall impact of the Industrial Revolution on British society and economy?

  It led to significant economic growth and technological innovation, but also caused social and environmental challenges.
• What was one negative consequence of the Industrial Revolution?

  Increased pollution and exploitation of natural resources were negative consequences.