Chronic Adaptations

• Aerobic -> Cardiovascular?

  
  

  • Increased left ventricle sizes

  Increased stroke volume, decreased HR (rest/submax), increased cardiac output at MAXIMAL intensity

  
  

  • Increased Capillarisation of heart & skeletal muscles

  Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles (slow twitch) and heart

  
  

  • Increased Blood plasma & Volume

  Decreased Blood Lactate Concentration
• Aerobic -> Respiratory

  A) increase

  B) increase

  C) increase

  D) same

  E) increase

  F) increase

  G) increase

  H) increase

  I) increase

  J) decrease

  K) decrease

  L) increase

  M) same or decrease

  N) same or decrease

  O) increase

  P) increase

  Q) increase

  R) increase

  
• Aerobic -> Muscular?

  • Increased Mitochondria size, amount and SA (increase capacity for aerobic ATP)
  • Increased Myoglobin (O2 diffusion into muscles increase)
  • Increased Oxidation of fats (Glycogen sparing)
  • Increased a-VO2 Difference (difference between O2 conc in arteriole and venous return blood)
• Anaerobic -> Cardio Vascular?

  • Increased thickness of ventricle wall (more force for pumping blood)
  • Systolic function may increase BUT STROKE VOLUME STAYS THE SAME
• Anaerobic -> Muscular?

  • Increased ATP & PC Stores
  • Increased glycolytic capacity (Glycogen stores & enzymes & Lactate tolerance)
• Resistance Training Chronic Adaptations?

  1. Increased Motor unit recruitment thus more force production
  2. Hypertrophy (more muscle fibers and contractile proteins - actin/myosin)
  3. Atrophy (if no training, muscles are broken down)
  4. Increased anaerobic substrates available (glycogen & PC)