World Englishes

• Pidgins


  mixing 2 languages to form broken form of language
• Lingua franca


  mixing a third language to represent certain words

  • Language used habitually by people whose mother tongue different in order to facilitate
• Examples of lingua francas

  Trade: Swahali, East Africa

  Mixed: Mitchif, Canada

  International: English
• Pidgins arose in colonial situations with representatives of particular colonial power, officials, tradesmen coming into contact with natives
• Pidgization

  Contact language - restricted and extended language which arises with urgency of communication to some specific need between social groups that are ethnically different

  • Can die out
  • can develop to formal roles (lingua francas)
  • can develop into creoles
• Pidginization


  Product of multilingual

  • 3 languages - One is dominant due to economical or social factors
  • 2 languages - Power struggle for dominance
  • Main function: trading
• Creoles


  Pidgin that became first language for next generation of speakers

  Creolisation:

  • Pidgin expanded in structure and locals to express range of meanings and serve range of functions required of first language