CRI 222 (ULOA)

• What are the learning objectives of the lesson on Criminal Investigation?

  The learning objectives are to recognize basic concepts of investigation, understand legal provisions, identify roles of a prober, and recognize stages and tools of Criminal Investigation.
• How is criminal investigation defined?

  Criminal investigation is defined as a problem-solving challenge that involves devising a plan to identify and arrest the person responsible for a crime.
• What skills are required for effective criminal investigation?

  Both task skills and thinking skills are required in the problem-solving process of criminal investigation.
• What are the three main goals of criminal investigation?

  • To identify the guilty party
  • To locate the guilty party
  • To provide evidence of the suspect's guilt
• What is the etymology of the word "investigation"?

  It is derived from Old French "investigacion" from Latin "investigationem".
• What does the PNP define as investigation?


  Investigation is defined as an inquiry for the discovery and collection of facts concerning the matter involved.
• What is the generalrule regarding the classification of a person as a criminal?


  No person shall be regarded as a criminal unless they have committed a crime, given due process, and been found guilty by a competent court.
• What is the definition of a crime?


  A crime is an act or omission punishable by law.
• What are the legal classifications of crimes?

  • Felony: violation of the Revised Penal Code
  • Offense: acts in violation of Special Laws
  • Misdemeanor: violation of City or Municipal ordinances
• What are the three factors in the Triad of Crime?

  • Desire: the wish to commit a crime
  • Capability: the ability to commit a crime
  • Opportunity: the chance to commit a crime
• What is the difference between general criminal intent and specific criminal intent?

  General criminal intent is presumed from the act, while specific criminal intent must be proven as an element of the crime.
• What does "actus reus" refer to?

  Actus reus refers to an act which is illegal.
• What is the "Escobedo Rule"?


  The Escobedo Rule states that individuals have the right to an attorney when an investigation focuses on a particular suspect.
• What are the functions of criminal investigation?

  • Recognition: identifying data
  • Collection: gathering physical evidence
  • Preservation: keeping evidence in original form
  • Evaluation: determining the probative value of evidence
  • Presentation: manifesting evidence in court
• What is the significance of the Mapp v. Ohio case?


  The case ruled that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment is inadmissible in state courts.
• What does the term "burden of proof" refer to?

  Burden of proof refers to the duty of a party in a legal proceeding to prove an assertion of fact.
• What are the goals of criminal investigation?

  1. To determine if a crime has been committed
  2. To legally obtain information or evidence
  3. To identify persons involved in the crime
  4. To arrest suspects
  5. To recover stolen properties
  6. To present the best possible case
• What are the categories of criminal investigation?

  • Criminal Investigation: conducted by law enforcement on criminal incidents
  • Non-Criminal Investigation: conducted on non-criminal events
  • Reactive Investigation: based on reports filed
  • Pro-Active Investigation: conducted before or during the crime
• What are the forms of investigation?

  1. Formal Investigation
  2. Inquest
  3. Inquisition
  4. Probe
  5. Research
  6. Investigative Reporting
• What is the Doctrine of Inevitable Discovery?

  The Doctrine of Inevitable Discovery states that evidence is admissible if it can be established that normal police investigation would have inevitably led to its discovery.
• What does "mens rea" refer to?

  Mens rea refers to the guilty mind or mental state required for a crime.
• What is the difference between intent and discernment?

  Intent is the determination to do something, while discernment is the mental capacity to tell right from wrong.
• How does criminal investigation function as an art, science, and process?

  As an art, it deals with identity and location; as a science, it applies systematic methods; and as a process, it involves systematic identification and evaluation of data.
• What are the three constitutional rights afforded to an arrested person under custodial investigation?

  The rights are to remain silent, to counsel, and to be informed of the nature and cause of accusation.
• What is the significance of the case Miranda v. Arizona?


  The case established a code of conduct for police interrogations, ensuring individuals are informed of their rights.
• What does "due process" mean in the context of criminal law?


  Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.
• What does "negligence" indicate in criminal law?

  Negligence indicates a deficiency of perception and a failure to foresee impending injury or damage.
• What is the difference between imprudence and negligence?

  Imprudence refers to a deficiency of action, while negligence refers to a deficiency of perception.
• How do the elements of intentional and culpable crime differ?

  Intentional crime involves malice, while culpable crime involves negligence or imprudence.
• What is the role of patterns in criminal investigation?

  Patterns are series of similarities that may link a case or indicate that the same person is committing a series of crimes.
• What are leads in the context of criminal investigation?

  Leads are clues or pieces of information that aid in the progress of an investigation.
• What are tips in criminal investigation?

  Tips are leads provided by citizens that aid in the progress of an investigation.
• What are theories in the context of criminal investigation?

  Theories are beliefs regarding the evidence, patterns, leads, tips, and other information developed in the case.
• What is the significance of the term "due process" in criminal law?

  Due process ensures that the state respects all legal rights owed to a person.
• What is the purpose of formal investigation?

  The purpose of formal investigation is to uncover facts and determine the truth regarding criminal activity.
• What is the role of research in criminal investigation?

  Research involves careful and patient investigation to identify the original sources of data or causes of problems.
• What is the difference between reactive and pro-active investigation?

  Reactive investigation is based on reports filed after a crime, while pro-active investigation is conducted before or during the crime.
• What is the purpose of undercover operations in criminal investigation?

  Undercover operations involve law enforcement assuming different identities to catch criminals in the act.
• What is the significance of the case Danny Escobedo vs. Illinois?

  The case highlighted the importance of informing suspects of their rights during custodial investigation.
• What does "act of commission" refer to in criminal law?

  An act of commission refers to an action taken that is illegal.