M1: Concept of Community and Environmental Health

• Definition of health:

  A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
• What is a community?


  A sociological group in a large place sharing one environment, including an individual and family.
• What is community health?


  The art and science of maintaining, protecting and improving the health of all members of the community through organized and sustained community efforts.
• What does environmental health comprise?


  Aspects of human health determined by physical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the surrounding environment.
• What are the determinants of a healthy environment?

  1. Well-maintained homes
  2. Well-paved streets and roads
  3. Clean and safe mini-parks
  4. Safe workplace
• What are the positive impacts of a healthy environment on health and community?

  1. Reduces disease rates
  2. Increases physical activity
  3. Enhances mental health
  4. Encourages community engagement
  5. Supports sustainable livelihoods
• What are the components of the primary health care program in the community?

  1. Child health care
  2. Reproductive health care
  3. Nutrition program
  4. Population and family planning program
  5. Mental hygiene
  6. Pharmacy services
• What are the perennial community health problems?

  1. Waste disposal
  2. Food sanitation
  3. Water supply
• What is refuse?


  Dump, food waste or discarded material composed of solid, semi-solid, liquid, and gas materials.
• What are the classifications of refuse materials?


  1. Rubbish
  2. Garbage
  3. Ashes
  4. Street refuse
  5. Dead animals
  6. Abandoned automobiles
  7. Industrial wastes
  8. Demolition and construction materials
  9. Special wastes

  10. Sewage residue
• What is rubbish?


  Bottles, broken glass, tin cans, waste papers, discarded porcelain wares, and other wrapping materials.
• What is garbage?


  Leftover vegetables and food in the kitchen and establishments.
• What are ashes?


  Residue from fire used for cooking left over from burning woods.
• What is street refuse?


  Leaves, papers, plastic, and cigarette buds.
• What are dead animals classified as in refuse?

  Small and large animals.
• What are abandoned automobiles?


  Unwanted cars.
• What are industrial wastes?


  Metal scraps.
• What are demolition materials?


  Woods, concrete, bricks, metals, roofing materials, and flooring.
• What are construction wastes?


  Scrap lumber and other construction materials.
• What are special wastes?


  Dead batteries.
• What is sewage residue?


  Septic tank sludge.
• What is R.A. No. 9003?

  The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.
• What are the 3Rs of ecological waste management?

  Reduce, reuse, and recycle.
• What does "reduce" mean in waste management?


  Cutting back on the amount of trash we make.
• What does "reuse" mean in waste management?


  Finding new ways to use trash so we don't have to throw it out.
• What does "recycle" mean?


  The process of making used materials that aren't to be disposed already into useful ones that can be sold again.
• What is composting?


  The form of waste disposal where organic waste decomposes naturally under oxygen-rich conditions.
• What are the environmental problems listed in the study material?

  1. Pollution
  2. Flash flood
  3. Illegal mining
  4. Soil erosion
  5. Coral reef deforestation
• What is pollution?


  Any alteration of the physical, chemical, and biological properties.
• What is a flash flood?


  A rapid flooding of low-lying areas that may be caused by heavy rain.
• What is illegal mining?


  The extraction of minerals without legal permission.
• What is soil erosion?


  The wearing away of a field's topsoil by natural physical forces of water.
• What causes coral reef deforestation?


  Illegal fishing techniques, pollution, careless tourism, and other natural phenomena.