Nervous System

• Determine the parts of human brain:

  A) Parietal lobe

  B) Occipital lobe

  C) Cerebellum

  D) Spinal Cord

  E) Temporal lobe

  F) Cerebrum

  G) Frontal lobe

  
• Determine the two main parts of the nervous system:

  A) CNS

  B) PNS

  
• Determine the parts:

  A) Cerebrum

  B) Cerebellum

  C) Spinal cord

  D) Medula oblongata

  E) Pons

  F) Midbrain

  G) Brainstem

  
• Central nervous system

  It is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
• The brain constitutes about one-fiftieth of the body weight and lies within the cranial cavity.
• The parts of the brain:

  • Cerebrum
  • Brain stem (Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata)
  • Cerebellum
• Cerebrum

  • It is the largest part of the brain and it occupies the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
  • It is made up of with two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices (outer layer of grey matter) and underlying regions of white matter.
• Cerebral cortex

  It is the outer covering of gray matter over the hemispheres.
• Determine the parts of Cerebrum:

  A) White matter

  B) Gray matter

  C) Cerebral cortex

  
• What are the lobes of cerebrum:

  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
• The boundaries of the lobes are marked by deep sulci (fissures):

  • Central sulcus
  • Lateral sulcus
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus
• Deep sulci is known as fissures
• Name the lobes and deep sulci of Cerebrum:

  A) Frontal lobe

  B) Central sulcus

  C) Parietal lobe

  D) Parieto-occipital sulcus

  E) Occipital lobe

  F) Temporal lobe

  G) Lateral sulcus

  
• Cranium


  skull of the brain
• Deep sulci or fissures


  Medical condition where the skin splits or tear; a long narrow
• Frontal lobe


  Associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
• Parietal lobe


  Associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
• Occipital lobe


  Associated with visual processing
• Temporal lobe


  Associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
• KEM (General function of cerebrum)

  • Knowledge
  • Emotion
  • Movement
• Brain stem


  The stem-like part of the base of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord.
• Medulla oblongata


  Directly controls breathing, blood flow, etc.
• Brain stem


  Responsible for vital life functions: breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure
• Cerebellum


  • Situated behind the pons and immediately below the posterior portion (back side) of the cerebrum
  • Ovoid in shape
• Vermis


  A narrow median strip that separate the cerebellum into two hemispheres.
• Name the parts of Cerebellum:

  A) Primary fissure

  B) Anterior lobe

  C) Vermis

  D) Posterior lobe

  E) Cerebellar cortex

  F) Cerebellar deep nuclei

  
• Cerebellum


  • Part of the brain that concerned with the coordination of voluntary muscular movement: posture and balance.
  • Involved in language
  • Major role: motor programs to make accurate movements through a trial-and-error process
• Cerebellum has been damaged


  Results in clumsy uncoordinated muscular movement, staggering gait, and inability to carry out smooth, steady, precise movements.
• Spinal cord

  • Continuous above with medulla oblongata
  • Approximately 45 cm long
  • It receives and transmits electric signals throughout the body
• White matter


  Highway that tracts in the spinal cord for nerve impulse propagation
• Afferent neurons


  Sensory input travels along these tracts TOWARD the brain.
• Efferent neurons


  Motor output travels from the brain toward skeletal muscles and other effector tissues
• Gray matter

  Receives and integrates incoming and outgoing information in the spinal cord
• Nervous system

  • Coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions
  • Number of cells: 100 billion, the NEURONS (signaling units) and GLIAL CELLS (the supporting units)
• The four specialized structures of neuron:

  • The cell body (soma)
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • Axon terminals
• Name the parts of Neurons:

  A) Axon terminals

  B) Myelin

  C) Cell body

  D) Axon

  E) Dendrites

  
• Cell body or soma


  Neuron structure: plays a major role in synthesizing proteins
• Axons and dendrites


  Extension of cell bodies and form the white matter of the nervous system
• Axon terminals


  Nerve cell: make synaptic connection with another nerve cell or with an effector cell (muscle cell or gland cell)
• Classification of neurons:

  A) Multipolar neurons

  B) Bipolar neurons

  C) Unipolar neurons