Endocrine System

    Cards (75)

    • Endocrine System - coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells
    • Endocrine System - second great controlling system of the body
    • Nervous system - uses nerve impulses to prod the muscles and glands into immediate action; "built for speed"
    • Endocrine System - acts more slowly by using chemical messengers, which are released into blood
    • Endocrinology - study of hormones and endocrine organs
    • Hormone - comes from a Greek word meaning "to arouse"
    • Hormones - chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids
    • Hormones - regulates the metabolic activity of other cells in the body
    • Target Cells/Organs - a given hormone affects only certain tissue cells or organs
    • Receptors - specific proteins attached to the cell's plasma membrane, where hormones attach to influence the activities of the cell
    • Steroid hormones - are lipid-soluble molecules; can use the mechanism of direct gene activation, which means that they can diffuse through the plasma membrane
    • Amino acid-based hormones - are water-soluble hormone; can only use second-messenger system, which they attach to a receptors to influence the cell's activity
    • Hormonal Stimulus - endocrine organs are prodded into actions by other hormones
    • Humoral Stimulus - stimulates if changing in blood levels of certain ions and nutrients
    • Humoral - comes from an ancient word "humor" to indicate the various body fluids
    • Neural Stimulus - a nerve fibers stimulate hormone release, and the endocrine cells are said to respond to it
    • Endocrine Glands - are ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream or lymph
    • Exocrine Glands - release their products at the body's surface or into body cavities through ducts
    • Pituitary Gland - is the size of a pea; located from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus, where it is surrounded by the sella turcica
    • Hypothalamus - control center of the endocrine system
    • Anterior Pituitary Glands - often called "master endocrine gland"
    • Anterior Pituitary Glands - controls the activity of so many other endocrine glands
    • Posterior Pituitary Gland - acts as a storage area for hormones made by hypothalamic neurons
    • Oxytocin - stimulates powerful contraction of the uterine muscle
    • Oxytocin - causes milk ejection in a nursing woman
    • Let-down Reflex - other term for milk ejection
    • Oxytocin - to induce labor or to hasten labor
    • Antidiuretic hormone - chemical that inhibits or prevents urine production
    • Diuresis - term for urine production
    • Antidiuretic hormone - causes kidneys to reabsorb more water from the forming urine
    • Antidiuretic hormone - also referred to as vasopressin, because it increases pressure by causing constriction of the arterioles
    • Edema - water retention in tissue
    • Growth hormone - to the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body
    • Growth hormone - stimulates most target cells to grow in size and divide
    • Pituitary Dwarfism - result of the hyposecretion of GH during childhood
    • Gigantism - result of the hypersecretion of the GH during childhood
    • Prolactin - stimulates and maintains milk production by the mother's breasts
    • Tropic Hormone - stimulates their target organs, which are the endocrine glands, to secrete their hormones
    • Gonadotropic hormones - regulate the hormonal activity of the gonads
    • Follicle-stimulating hormone - also stimulate sperm development by the testes
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