Quantitative Research

• What is the academic research that can be quantitative in its approach?

  Quantitative research
• What does the prefix "re" in the word research signify?

  To repeat
• How does quantitative research aim to analyze data?

  Through the use of statistics
• quantitative research?


  An objective, systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through computational techniques
• What type of data does quantitative research primarily focus on?

  Numerical data
• What type of instruments are typically used in quantitative research?

  questionnaires
• How is data typically presented in quantitative research?

  Using tables, charts, graphs, and figures
• Large sample size is to arrive at a more reliable data analysis
• What is the importance of random sampling in quantitative research?

  To avoid researcher bias in interpreting results
• What is one strength of quantitative research regarding data interpretation?

  It is objective and provides numerical data that can't be easily misinterpreted
• What are the kinds of quantitative research design?

  1. Experimental

  • Controls the situation
  • Identifies cause and effect relationships
  • Limits alternative explanations

  1. Non-experimental (descriptive or correlational)

  • Describes situations or relationships
  • No manipulation of variables
  • Validity concerns focus on measurements
• What is the root word of the term "variable"?

  Vary
• What is an attribute in the context of variables?


  A specific value on a variable
• What are the four types of variables in quantitative research?

  1. Nominal variables
  2. Ordinal variables
  3. Interval variables
  4. Ratio variables
• structured research instruments 


  To collect measurable characteristics of the population
• numerical data 


  It allows for quick and easy analysis
• What are some examples of attributes for the variable "gender"?

  Male and female
• Nominal variables 


  They represent categories that cannot be ordered
• What is the significance of the term "attribute" in relation to variables?


  It is a specific value on a variable
• What is the relationship between variables and measurement in research?

  Variables are fundamental concepts that can be measured
• What is the role of the researcher in non-experimental research?

  The researcher does not manipulate any variables
• What is the focus of validity concerns in non-experimental research?

  Validity of the measurements rather than the effects
• What is the root word of the term "variable"?

  "Vary" or "can change"
• Why are variables considered fundamental concepts in research?

  They are essential for measurement, validity, reliability, cause and effect, and theory.
• How do experts define a variable?


  As anything that can vary.
• What is an attribute in relation to a variable?

  A specific value on a variable.
• Give an example of attributes for the variable "gender".

  Male and female.
• What are units of analysis in research?

  Variables such as gender, age, socio-economic status, attitudes, or behaviors.
• variable


  A characteristic or attribute of an individual or organization being studied.
• What are the four types of variables in research?

  1. Nominal variables (Categorical)
  2. Ordinal variables (Categorical)
  3. Interval variables (Continuous)
  4. Ratio variables (Continuous)
• nominal variables


  Categories that cannot be ordered in any particular way.
• Political affiliation, basketball fan affiliation, real estate types of property is an example of nominal variables
• dichotomous variable


  Nominal variables with only two categories or levels.
• If we categorize gender as "male" or "female", what type of variable is this?

  Dichotomous variable.
• What is an example of a dichotomous variable in mobile phone ownership?

  Ownership categorized as "Yes" or "No".
• ordinal variables


  Categories that can be ordered from greatest to smallest.
• Educational level (freshman, sophomore) and income brackets (salary grade 11, 12, 13) is considered as an ordinal variables
• Why is the response "Not very much", "They are OK", or "Yes, a lot" considered an ordinal variable?
• interval variables


  They can be measured along a continuum and have a numerical value.
• Ratio variables


  Interval variables with the added condition that 0 indicates none of that variable.