Section 2

• What significant event occurred in May 1903 in Serbia?

  A Serbian military coup took place, resulting in the killing of the pro-Austrian King and Queen.
• Who replaced the pro-Austrian King and Queen after the 1903 coup in Serbia?

  Paul I and the Karageorgevic dynasty took power.
• What was the impact of King Paul I's rule on Serbian foreign policy?

  It marked the beginning of a new aggressive Serbian foreign policy.
• What did the Serbs aim to achieve with their nationalism?

  They wanted to form a united Slav state called Yugoslavia.
• Which nationalities were included in the Serbs' vision for Yugoslavia?

  Croats and Slovenes were included among others.
• What group emerged in Serbia around the time of the coup in 1903?

  The Black Hand emerged during this period.
• What was the Black Hand's connection to the Serbian military?

  They had unofficial links to the Serbian military.
• What methods was the Black Hand willing to use to achieve their goals?

  They were willing to use terrorism and assassination.
• How did Austria-Hungary's policy towards Serbia change after the 1903 coup?

  Austria-Hungary's policy became very hostile towards Serbia.
• How many Croats and Serbs were contained within the Austria-Hungarian Empire?

  Approximately 7 million Croats and Serbs were in the empire.
• Who led the aggressive faction in Vienna against Serbia?

  Chief of General Staff, Conrad von Hotzendorf, led the aggressive faction.
• How many times had Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia by 1914?

  Austria-Hungary had declared war on Serbia 20 times by 1914.
• What position did Count Aehrenthal hold in Austria-Hungary in 1906?

  He became the foreign minister of Austria-Hungary.
• What action did Count Aehrenthal take to curb Serbian ambitions?

  He did not renew their tariff agreements.
• What was the outcome of the 'Pig War' between 1906-1908?

  It led to Serbia finding new export markets and increased their output.
• How did Austria-Hungary's policy towards Serbia backfire?

  It reduced Serbian dependence on Austria-Hungary.
• What was the status of the German army in the early 20th century?

  The German army was the most respected army internationally and held in high esteem nationally.
• What role did conscription play in the German military?

  Conscription instilled Prussian military values in future generations.
• Who was Wilhelm Voigt and what did he do in 1906?

  He dressed as a Prussian military officer and confiscated 4000 marks from a bank.
• What did Wilhelm Voigt's actions demonstrate about the military's power?

  It showed that the military had so much power that they were never questioned.
• What advancements in weaponry occurred by the 1880s?

  The development of high explosives, machine guns, and low-range artillery occurred.
• How did long railway networks impact military operations?

  They could be harnessed to carry troops efficiently.
• What was the Krupp Empire known for?

  The Krupp Empire was a hugely successful manufacturer of weapons and steel.
• What was the military spending of Russia and Germany by 1914?

  Russia was spending 1577 million marks while Germany was spending 1496 million marks.
• What was the trend in military spending among the Great Powers from 1900 to 1914?

  Total spending rose from £268 million in 1900 to £398 million in 1914.
• How much did French defense spending increase from 1870 to 1914?

  French defense spending increased by 10% during this period.
• What was the increase in military expenditure for Britain from 1870 to 1914?

  Britain's military expenditure increased by 13% during this period.
• What was the increase in military spending for Russia from 1870 to 1914?

  Russia's spending increased by 39% during this period.
• What was the increase in military spending for Germany from 1870 to 1914?

  Germany's spending increased by 73% during this period.
• What was the Second German Naval Law passed in 1900?

  It provided a 20-year building program for 38 battleships, 8 battle cruisers, and 24 cruisers.
• What was the significance of the dreadnought introduced by Britain?

  It had 10 12-inch guns, was faster, and had thicker armor than previous ships.
• How did the dreadnought impact the naval race between Britain and Germany?


  It made the German fleet obsolete and was a matter of national pride for Britain.
• When was the first dreadnought launched?

  The first dreadnought was launched in February 1906.
• What did Admiral von Tirpitz view Britain's fleet as?

  He viewed the size of Britain's fleet as a direct threat to Germany's interests.
• What did the British Parliament approve in response to the naval race?

  They approved plans for a North Sea Fleet and a new design for a dreadnought.
• What was the outcome of Britain's increase in planned dreadnoughts in 1909?

  It fueled the naval race and made it more expensive.
• How many dreadnoughts did Britain have by 1914?

  Britain had 24 dreadnoughts by 1914.
• How many dreadnoughts did Germany have by 1914?

  Germany had 17 dreadnoughts by 1914.
• What was the impact of the Franco-Russo alliance on Germany's military planning?

  It enhanced Germany's fears of encirclement.
• What was the Schlieffen Plan and when did it begin development?

  The Schlieffen Plan was a military strategy developed in 1897 to fight on two fronts.