Introduction to Teaching

• What is TEACHING?

  • Imparting knowledge and skills
  • Educating or instructing
  • Act or experience
  • Undertaking ethical tasks or activities
  • Involves planning and implementation
• What is LEARNING?

  • Process of gaining knowledge or skill by studying, practicing, being taught, or experiencing something. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
  • A persisting change in human performance or performance potential results from the learner's interaction with the environment. (Driscoll, 1994)
  • The relatively permanent change in a person's knowledge or behavior due to experience. (Mayer, 1982)
  • An enduring change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion, which results from practice or other forms of experience" (Shuell, 1986)
• Classical Conditioning

  • A reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response originally evoked by another stimulus.
  • There are different types of stimuli and responses to this conditioning namely;
  • Unconditioned Stimulus
  • Unconditioned Response
  • Neutral Stimulus
  • Conditioned Stimulus
  • Conditioned Response
• Operant Conditioning

  • Described as a process that attempts to modify behavior through the use of positive and negative reinforcement. Through operant conditioning, an individual makes an association between a particular behavior and a consequence.
  • May involve reinforcement or punishment
• • Reinforcement
  • Positive Reinforcement: Adding something pleasant to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
  • Negative Reinforcement: Removing something unpleasant to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
• • Punishment
  • Positive Punishment: Adding something unpleasant to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
  • Negative Punishment: Removing something pleasant to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
• Social Conditioning

  • In this theory, people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.
  • People learn behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions through observing others (models), especially those they consider as role models.

  1. Gender roles
  2. Cultural norms
  3. Educational expectations
  4. Media influence
  5. Professional conduct
  6. Social etiquette
  7. Religious practices
• Strategy involves directing and controlling actions to achieve goals. In teaching, it refers to the methods and procedures used to reach educational objectives in the classroom.
• Approach

  • A teaching approach refers to the overall way a teacher engages students with the subject matter and supports their learning. It encompasses the methods and attitudes a teacher uses to foster an effective learning environment.
• The method of teaching is directly related to the presentation of the lesson. Which a teacher should use, depends on the nature of the subject, and the tact of the teacher.
• Telling - Lecture method, Discussion method, Storytelling method, and so on.
• Doing  - Project method, Problem-solving method, Textbook method, and so on.
• Visual - Demonstration method, Supervised study method, and so on.
• Mental - Inductive, Deductive, Analysis, Synthesis method etc.
• Techniques

  It is a procedure by which new knowledge fixed in the minds of students permanently. For this purpose, a teacher does extra activities in the class.
• Instructional media refers to the various tools and materials that educators use to deliver instruction and help students achieve learning objectives.

  • Using instructional media in the classroom offers several benefits, such as:
  • Attracting attention
  • Developing interest
  • Adjusting the learning
  • Promoting acceptance of the idea
• Health education is an interdisciplinary field that combines knowledge from biology, psychology, medicine, and other sciences to promote healthy behaviors and prevent illness. It aims to educate individuals, groups, and communities about health, empowering them to make informed decisions that lead to healthier lives.