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• What is the definition of the respiratory system?


  The respiratory system is a complex network of organs and tissues that facilitate breathing and gas exchange.
• What are the main components of the respiratory system?


  • Nose and nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi and bronchioles
  • Lungs
  • Diaphragm
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?


  To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.
• Which of the following is a part of the respiratory system?


  Trachea
• What are the main functions of the respiratory system?


  The main functions include gas exchange, pH balance, speech production, protection, and olfaction.
• What are the simplified functions of the respiratory system?


  1. Breathing in oxygen and out carbon dioxide
  2. Balancing body gases
  3. Providing air for speech
  4. Cleaning and warming inhaled air
  5. Supporting the sense of smell
• What is the first step in the gas exchange process?


  Inhalation, where air enters the lungs bringing oxygen.
• What happens to oxygen after it reaches the alveoli?


  Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the bloodstream.
• What role does blood play in gas exchange?


  Blood carries oxygen to body cells.
• What do cells produce during cellular respiration?


  Cells use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.
• What happens to carbon dioxide during gas exchange?


  Carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the alveoli.
• What is the final step of gas exchange?


  Exhalation, where carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs.
• How does the respiratory system maintain pH balance?


  1. CO2 in blood forms carbonic acid, affecting pH.
  2. Breathing rate adjusts CO2 levels.
  3. Faster breathing removes CO2, raising pH.
  4. Slower breathing retains CO2, lowering pH.
  5. Maintains stable blood pH around 7.4.
• How does the respiratory system respond if blood becomes too acidic?


  The respiratory system increases the breathing rate to remove more CO2.
• What is the role of the respiratory system in speech production?


  1. Provides air supply for speech.
  2. Regulates air pressure for sounds.
  3. Causes vocal cord vibration in the larynx.
  4. Controls speech volume with air amount.
  5. Allows for phrasing and emphasis in speech.
• How does the respiratory system control the volume of speech?


  By controlling the amount of air used.
• Who is the main character introduced in "A Christmas Carol"?

  Ebenezer Scrooge
• How is Ebenezer Scrooge described in the novella?


  He is described as a "squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner."
• What significant event occurs seven years before the story begins?


  The death of Scrooge's business partner, Jacob Marley.
• On what day does the story of "A Christmas Carol" begin?


  Christmas Eve
• What is Scrooge's attitude towards Christmas?


  He hates Christmas and refuses to donate to charity or attend family gatherings.
• Who is Bob Cratchit in relation to Scrooge?


  Bob Cratchit is Scrooge's underpaid clerk.
• What does Jacob Marley's ghost symbolize when he visits Scrooge?


  Marley's ghost symbolizes the burden of greed and the consequences of a selfish life.
• What warning does Marley's ghost give to Scrooge?


  He warns Scrooge that he will be visited by three spirits.
• How does the Ghost of Christmas Past appear?


  As a strange, child-like figure with a bright light emanating from its head.
• What key moments does Scrooge revisit with the Ghost of Christmas Past?


  His lonely school days, his sister Fan, his first employer Fezziwig, and his lost love Belle.
• What does Scrooge's journey with the Ghost of Christmas Past force him to confront?


  It forces him to confront how his past experiences shaped his current character.
• What does the Ghost of Christmas Present show Scrooge?


  How Christmas is currently celebrated by others, particularly the Cratchit family and his nephew Fred.
• What is the significance of the Cratchit family's Christmas celebration?


  They find joy and warmth in family togetherness despite their poverty, contrasting with Scrooge's isolation.
• What do the allegorical figures Ignorance and Want represent in the story?


  They represent the dangers posed to society by neglecting the needs of the poor.
• How does the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come appear?


  As a dark, hooded figure, often associated with the Grim Reaper.
• What does Scrooge witness during his visit with the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come?


  He witnesses people discussing the death of a disliked man, later revealed to be himself, and the Cratchit family mourning Tiny Tim.
• Why is the vision of Scrooge's own grave particularly effective in changing his attitude?


  It forces him to confront his mortality and the negative legacy he would leave behind if he doesn't change.
• What transformation does Scrooge undergo by the end of the story?


  He becomes generous and kind, embodying the Christmas spirit.
• What significant action does Scrooge take to demonstrate his transformation?


  He sends a large turkey to the Cratchit family anonymously.
• What does Scrooge declare at the end of the story?


  "I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year."
• How does Scrooge's declaration reflect his transformation?

  It indicates a fundamental shift in his worldview and a commitment to embodying the spirit of Christmas every day.