lesson 1.1

• Science - is a body of knowledge, an intellectual activity, and a personal and social activity
• Technology - as artifacts, as a technique, and as personal and social activity.
• Science - systematized body of knowledge that is based on facts gathered through observations, experiences, and experiments in order to formulate a verifiable conclusion or law that serves as a basis of technology for the benefit of humankind.
• Science - branch of knowledge that seeks to understand and describe natural phenomena.
• Technology - the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment (Britannica, 2021)
• Science explores for the purpose of knowing, while technology explores for the purpose of making something useful from that knowledge.
• Scientific knowledge is used to create new technologies . New technologies often allow scientists to explore nature in different ways and make new discoveries.
• Complete the diagram

  A) informs

  B) demands more

  C) makes life easier

  D) benefits from

  E) demands more

  F) seeks to improve

  
• History of Science and Technology

  • Ancient World
  • Classical Antiquity
  • Middle Ages
  • Modern Age
• What is a system of classifying ancient ages into groups based on tool developmental stages?

  ANCIENT AGE: THREE-AGE SYSTEM
• Three Age System - widely considered archaeology's first paradigm: a convention established in the early 19th century that said prehistory could be subdivided into three parts, based on technological advances in weaponry and tools.
• What are the ANCIENT AGE: THREE-AGE SYSTEM?

  Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age
• Stone age - broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point or a percussion surface.
• Stone age - longest period in the history of science and technology spanning over 3.4 million years, and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE.
• Who and when did the The Three Age system was first fully introduced?

  1837, by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen
• Stone age - Early humans were known as hunter-gatherers, only consuming whatever edible plant or animal that they can find, did not have permanent dwelling and live from one place to another.
• Bronze age - the period from 3000 BC – 1200 BC and is marked by the introduction of metals.
• Bronze age - When they discovered fire, people then were able to make weapons and tools made from metal.
• smelting - wherein metal is extracted from ores which are rocks that contain traces of different metals.
• Iron age - last period of the Ancient Age which occurred between 1500 BC – 450 AD.
• Iron age - During this time, articles, equipment, weapons and tools were made of iron and steel.
• Agricultural Revolution - As population increased, food and resources started to decrease and people switched from foraging to agriculture.
• Instead of hunting and gathering food, they learned how to plant crops and raise animals, leading to the beginning of the ____?___ which started primarily in the ___?__.

  Agricultural Revolution, Middle East
• Classical Antiquity - rose with the establishment of the so-called Ionian School of Philosophy.
• Classical Antiquity - This is a Pre-Socratic group of Greek philosophers that flourished in 5th -6th century Greece.
• Ionian School of Philosophy - The philosophers under this school mostly studied about the origins of the universe.
• Socrates - people should care less about their bodies and possessions and more about their souls, saying, “wealth does not bring goodness, but goodness brings wealth.”
• Socrates - a man of principle; believed he was serving the city of Athens and its citizens by highlighting their incorrect thinking.
• Socrates - known for creating the basic foundation of making hypothesis.
• Socrates - A hypothesis is an educated guess, which is the initial building block of the scientific method for specific research in his known method of enquiry called elenchus.
• Plato - highlighted the concept of having proof in research
• Plato - emphasized a clear hypothesis of understanding nature and believed that all substances are made up of air, water, earth, and fire
• Aristotle - initiated the discipline of using the deductive method of scientific inquiry.
• Aristotle - established natural principles as achieved through careful observation
• This period saw the decline of the advancement of science and technology especially in Europe.

  Middle Ages in EUROPE
• This can be attributed to several factors such as diseases, poverty, wars between different territories and scarcity of resource especially food.

  Middle Ages in EUROPE
• Another highly significant factor which affected scientific advancement during Middle Ages in EUROPE is the rise of?

  Christianity in the European continent
• This was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid 1300s.

  The Black Death
• The plague arrived in Europe in ___?____, when 12 ships from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina.

  October 1347
• This period also saw the invention of the mechanical clock as well as the use of watermills and wind mills to generate electricity.

  Middle Ages in EUROPE