carbohydrates

• what elements make carbohydrates?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• What are the carbohydrate monomers?

  Glucose, galactose, fructose
• What are the disaccharides (Dimers) of carbohydrates?

  Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
• What are the carbohydrate polysaccharides?

  Starch, cellulose, glycogen
• what is the formula for glucose?

  C6 H12 O6
• What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

  The main difference between alpha and beta glucose is the position of the hydroxyl (OH) group on the first carbon atom. In alpha glucose, the hydroxyl (OH) group is below the ring, while in beta glucose, it is above the ring.
• what type of reaction is the formation of a glycosidic bond, what is the product?

  it is a condensation reaction, forming a molecule of water and the new molecule
• What do you get if you do glucose + Glucose?

  Maltose and a molecule of water
• What do you get if you add glucose to galactose?

  Lactose and water
• What do you get if you react glucose to fructose?

  Sucrose and water
• what bonds and which monomers are needed to form starch?

  1 , 4 glycosidic in amylose. 1 , 4 and 1 , 6 glycosidic bonds in amylopectin
• What is the function of starch?

  energy storage in plants
• Where is starch stored a plant?

  In their cells
• Describe the structure of Starch?

  Amylose is in an unbranched helix. Amylopectin is branched
• Explain how starch's structure leads to it's function?

  The helical amylose is compact to fit lots of glucose in a small space. The branched amylopectin increases surface area for rapid hydrolysis back into glucose. It is also INSOLUBLE, water potential isnt effected
• What type of glucose is used in starch?

  Alpha
• What type of glucose is used in cellulose?

  Beta-glucose
• What type of glucose is used in glycogen?

  Alpha glucose.
• what is the function of cellulose?

  Structural support in plant cell walls.
• Where is cellulose found?

  Cellulose is found in the cell walls of plants.
• Describe the structure of cellulose?

  The polymer forms long and straight chains. The chains are parallel due to the hydrogen bonds between the alternating beta glucose monomers to form fibrils. Macrofibrils combine to form cellulose fibre
• What bonds between the monomers are present in cellulose?

  1 , 4 glycosidic
• explain how the structure of cellulose leads to it's function?

  Due to the position of the H and OH groups on the 1st carbon, the monomers alternate in position. These allow hydrogen bonds to form between fibrils, increasing the strength of the fibre. Additionally, the cellulose isnt soluble in water so the water potential isnt impacted.
• Is glycogen a branched molecule?

  Yes.
• Explain how the structure of glycogen leads to its function?

  The branched nature of glycogen increases the surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose. Glycogen also isnt soluble in water so water potential isnt impacted.