proteins/amino acids

• what is the general formula of an amino acid?

  N H 2 - C H R - C O O H
• what is the primary structure of proteins?

  The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, this is a polymer.
• What is the secondary structure of a protein?

  The secondary structure of a protein refers to the local folding patterns of the polypeptide chain, including alpha helices and beta pleated sheets. These shapes are held together by hydrogen bonds
• where do hydrogen bonds form in the secondary structure of proteins?

  Hydrogen bonds form between the C = O groups of the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the H in the Amine group of another amino acid.
• what is the tertiary structure of a protein?

  Three-dimensional arrangement of the secondary structure elements in a protein.
• What interactions cause a tertiary structure?

  Hydrophobic and hydrophillic interactions

  Hydrogen bonds

  Ionic bonds

  Disulfide bonds
• which parts of amino acids do disulfide and ionic bonds occur?

  Disulfide bonds occur between sulfur atoms in the side chains of cysteine amino acids. Ionic bonds occur between charged groups in the side chains of amino acids- all in the R group of individual amino acids.
• what is a quarternary structure of a protein?

  When several polypeptide chains join together
• Describe the structure of haemoglobin?

  Hemoglobin is made of 4 polypeptide chains, 2 alpha and 2 beta chains. It has a prosthetic group attached to each chain, which is a heme group.
• what does it mean if a protein has a prosthetic group?

  A non protein group is attached to it.
• What are the two types of proteins?

  Globular and fibrous proteins
• What are the features of a fibrous protein?

  Polypeptide chains formed from long twisted strands linked together

  Stable structure

  Insoluble in water

  very strong
• What is an example of a fibrous protein?

  Collagen
• What are the features of a globular protein?

  Polypeptide chains roll up into a spherical shape

  relatively unstable structure.

  Used for metabolic functions

  Soluble in watter
• What are examples of globular proteins?

  Haemoglobin, hormones like insulin, all enzymes, antibodies.