skeletal system

• The cranium protects the brain, while the mandible forms the lower jaw.
• functions of the skeleton

  facilitates movement, Protects tissues and organs, supports the body
• axial skeleton

  skull bones vertebral column and thoracic cage
• appendicular system

  shoulder and pelvic gridle, the upper and lower limbs
• lacrimal

  paired bones that form the wall of the orbit
• mandible

  bone that form the lower jaw
• maxilla

  bone that forms the upper jaw
• nasal

  paired bones that form the bridge of the nose
• foramen magnum

  part where the spinal cord enters the skull
• palate separates the mouth cavity from the nose cavatity
• cranium

  part of the skull where the brain is situated, it protects the brain
• spinal column is made of 24 vertabrae
• cervical spine

  7 vertebrae of the neck
• thoracic spine

  12 vertebrae of the mid back
• lumbar spine

  5 vertebrae of the lower back
• sacrum

  5 fused vertebrae
• coccyx

  4 fused vertabrae
• pectoral girdle

  provide points of attachment of the upper limbs. consists of the clavicle, anterior, posterior and scapula
• pelvic girdle

  consists of ilium, ischium, pubis bones
• tendons

  attach bones to muscles
• ligaments

  attach bone to bone
• cartilaginous discs

  allows for flexibility and acts as shock absorbs
• pectoral girdle

  has a shallow socket the glenoid cavity in which the humerus fits
• 8 carpals form gliding joints
• cartilage

  is a semi-transparent, tough and flexible tissue. They are three types of cartilage, white fibrocartilage, yellow elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage
• function of cartilage

  articular cartilage reduces friction by the bones.
• joints


  place where one or two bones meet.
• immovable joints


  found in the skull
• slightly movable joints

  pivot joint formed by the axis and the skull
• synovial joints

  ball and socket joints of the shoulder and hip
• Compact bone

  Dense bone that forms outer layers of the bone l, provides strength and support
• Spongy

  Less dense than compact and it is formed at the end of long bone