M1

• What is the title of the module discussed in the study material?

  Introduction to Research
• What does Apfeldof (2018) define as invention?


  Invention is the creation of something new.
• What is the purpose of obtaining a patent for an invention?


  A patent ensures that the object created is the inventor's idea and cannot be taken by others.
• How does innovation differ from invention according to Apfeldof (2018)?


  Innovation refers to improvements made to something already established.
• What does the term 'innovatus' mean?


  'Innovatus' means 'to renew'.
• What is an example of an invention and its subsequent innovation mentioned in the study material?


  The Karaoke Sing Along System machine and its innovation into the video karaoke machine.
• What are the key differences between invention and innovation as outlined in the study material?

  • Invention: Creating a new idea or something never made before
  • Innovation: Improving an idea to give value and meet society's needs
  • Invention requires scientific skills; innovation requires marketing and strategic skills
• What is the definition of research according to Calmorin and Calmorin (2007)?


  Research is a scientific investigation of phenomena, including collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts.
• How does Sanches (2002) define research?


  Research is a continuous discovery and exploration of the unknown.
• What does Parel (1966) say about research?


  Research is a systematic study or investigation of something to answer questions posed by the researcher.
• According to Kerlinger (1986), what is research?


  Research is a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about natural phenomena.
• What are the characteristics of research as outlined in the study material?


  • Empirical: Based on firsthand experiences and observations
  • Logical: Systematic investigation
  • Cyclical: Starts and ends with a problem
  • Analytical: Uses proven systematic procedures
  • Replicable: Design can be replicated for validation
  • Critical: Exhibits careful and precise judgments
  • Methodical: Based on valid procedures and principles
• What is the main purpose of research according to Leann Zarah (2021)?


  The main purpose of research is to inform action, prove a theory, and contribute to developing knowledge in a field of study.
• What does Mary-Louise Kearney state about knowledge generated by research?


  Knowledge generated by research is the basis of sustainable development.
• According to Crawford (1995), what is research considered to be?


  Research is a verified approach of thinking and employing legalized instruments to obtain solutions to problems.
• What are some of the importance of research as presented by Cuevas (2010)?


  • Corrects and expands perceptions
  • Gathers information on subjects with little knowledge
  • Develops and evaluates concepts, practices, and theories
  • Obtains knowledge for practical purposes
  • Provides hard facts for planning and decision-making
  • Encourages curiosity and opens new ideas
  • Advances technology
  • Makes human work easier and faster
• What is the nature of research?


  Research is a systematic investigation of phenomena.
• What does the term 'cyclical' mean in the context of research characteristics?


  'Cyclical' means that research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
• What does 'replicable' mean in the context of research characteristics?


  'Replicable' means that the research design can be replicated for validation of results.
• What does 'methodical' mean in the context of research characteristics?


  'Methodical' means that research is based on valid procedures and principles.
• What does 'critical' mean in the context of research characteristics?


  'Critical' means that research exhibits careful and precise judgments.
• What does 'analytical' mean in the context of research characteristics?


  'Analytical' means that the research uses proven systematic procedures.
• What does 'logical' mean in the context of research characteristics?


  'Logical' means that scientific investigation is done systematically.